The Beginnings of Industrialization Section 9-1

The Industrial Revolution the dramatic change from an agricultural based society to a manufactured based society Started in Britain

Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way Wealthy landowners enclosed their lands with fences or hedges (enclosures) in order to try new farming techniques crop rotation – alternating crops in order to save the soil’s nutrients Jethro Tull’s seed drill greatly increased the number of seeds that took root Livestock owners started using the most fit specimens to breed out and produce better offspring

Why Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution Abundant natural resources Healthy economy Willing investors in new inventions Political stability Military might encouraged positive feelings All of the factors of production (resources needed to produce goods and services (land, labor, and capital)

Inventions Spur the Revolution James Hargreaves – spinning jenny (boat shaped tool increase yarn output) Richard Arkwright – water frame (run machines faster) Samuel Compton – spinning mule = spinning jenny + water frame Eli Whitney – cotton gin (separate seeds and cotton) These inventions took work out of the house and into factories (large buildings where manufacturing took place)

Improvements in Transportation Textile improvements urged others to improve other industries James Watt – improved the steam engine and made it efficient enough for practical use Entrepreneur – a person who organizes, manages, and takes the risk of a business Robert Fulton – built the Clermont a boat with a steam engine on it John McAdam – made road improvements that made travel a lot easier

The Railway Age Begins Richard Trevithick and George Stephenson built the 1st steam powered locomotives The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad was the 1st railroad system in England (connect parts of England) The Rocket was the premier locomotive

Effects of the Railroad on Britain Spur industrial growth by providing cheap transportation of goods Created new jobs for RR workers and miners Boosted agricultural and fishing industries providing transportation of goods Made travel easier, country folks to city jobs & city folks to country resorts