Warm Up 10/17/16  In your opinion, what’s the greatest invention of ALL TIME?

Chapter 25, Section 1 The Beginnings of Industrialization

Class Assignment  Define all vocabulary for Chapter 25 Sect 1  Read Chapter 25 Section 1  After each red section stop reading and take notes on that section (facts).  Complete this until the section is finished.  Summarize the section in a 20 word gist. 102 points Page 717

Setting the Stage Outside of new revolutions in the government (ex: France), a new revolution took place in the way people worked. The Industrial Revolution occurred, which refers to the increased output of machine made goods that began in England in the mid 1700’s. Before, people wove textiles by hand. The revolution spread throughout continental Europe and North America.Revolution

 Wealthy landowners bought up land once dominated by small farms. Started an agricultural revolution.  Landowners enclosed their land with fences and hedges called enclosures to experiment with seeding and harvesting methods to increase crop yields.  Major result of the enclosure: Large landowners forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or to give up farming for the city life. Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain

 Size of livestock increased due to breeding methods and diet.  Sheep increased in weight from 18 to 50 lbs. on average  Better diet for humans caused a population increased and longer life expectancies  This also increased demand for food and cloth…..for clothes.  More cloth production was necessary and food production for the rising population.

New farming methods: Jethro Tull’s seed drill in 1701 for deeper and well-spaced rows. Crop rotation – the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land. Industrialization Began in England because… 1.Water and coal to fuel machines. 2.Iron ore to construct machines, tools and building. 3.River for inland transportation. 4.Harbors for incoming ships.  Britain stable politically – no wars on its soil.  Britain had all factors of production to produce goods and services: land, labor, capital (wealth).

 James Hargreaves —the spinning jenny in 1764 —a spinner to work 8 threads at one time.  Richard Arkwright —the water frame in 1769 used water streams to drive wheels.  Edmund Cartwright — the power loom in 1787 —it made weaving very fast. Merchants set up these machines in factories by rivers to power machines.  Eli Whitney —the cotton gin in 1793 to remove seeds from cotton (1.5 million lbs in 1790 to 85 million lbs in 1810). Inventions Spur Industrialization

Cotton Gin

 James Watt —used a steam engine improvement in Joined Matthew Boulton, an entrepreneur, a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of business, who funded Watt’s inventions.  Robert Fulton —used the steam engine and built steam boat in 1807 call the Clermont.  John McAdams —“macadam” roads - layer of large stone with fine gravel placed on top. Improvements in Transportation

 Richard Trevithick invented steam locomotive in  George Stephenson improved locomotive and built RR from Yorkshire to Stockton on North Sea in Built the Rocket to go 24 mph and RR from Liverpool to Manchester in Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain: Cheap way to transport materials and finished products. Created new jobs (railroad workers and miners). Boosted agriculture and fishing industries since they could transport goods inland. The Railway Age Begins

Video The Industrial Revolution ( )

Pop Quiz 1.________________ refers to the increased output of machine-made goods produced in England in the mid 1700’s. 2.A major result of ___________ forced small farmers to become tenant farmers or move to the city. 3.____________ developed the seed drill in 1701 for deeper and well-spaced rows. 4.Name two of the four reasons industrialization began in England. ____________________________, ______________________________________ 5.List the three factors of production. ___________, ____________, ____________ 6.Name one of the three ways railroads revolutionized life in Britain.

Pop Quiz Answers 1.Industrialization 2.Enclosures 3.Jethro Tull 4.Water and coal, iron ore, rivers, harbors 5.Land, labor, and capital 6.Cheap transportation, created new jobs, boosted agriculture and fishing industries