1. Industrial Revolution
Part I – England

2. Think, Pair, Share
What is Industrialism? What comes to mind when you think about Industrialism or the Industrial Revolution?

3. Revolutions
England, United States, France have all had political revolutions
This new type of revolution changes the way people live and work
Mostly refers to how machines helped people do their jobs faster
Huge impact on society

4. Industrial Revolution
Refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s

5. Industrialism Defined
Industrialization:
The process of developing machine produced goods.

6. The English countryside

7. Starts with agriculture
England (early 1700s)—covered in small farms
Wealthy landowners buy smaller farms and create large farms
Large farms called enclosures (the enclosure movement)
Allowed farmers to work bigger fields = find new ways to grow crops

8. New Farming techniques
Jethro Tull invents a seed drill to make sure seeds can germinate = huge increase in crop yields
Crop rotation replaces three field system
Experiment with selective animal reproduction average weight of sheep goes from 18 to 50 pounds

10. Significant increase in food supply

12. Ability to feed more people for less $$ and with less labor

14. Increased Population

16. Surplus labor for new factories
(small farmers become tenant farmers or move to the city)

18. More people end up with more $$ = more demand for manufactured goods
Clothes, household goods, tools, etc

19. Industrialism Defined
Industrialization:
The process of developing machine produced goods.

21. Why England?
England was actually well-positioned to industrialize and grow for several reasons
Natural resources
Strong economic system (banking, etc)
Political stability

22. Natural Resources Water power (rivers) and coal to fuel factories
Iron ore to construct machines
Rivers for inland transportation
Harbors that could handle trading ships

23. Economic resources Stable banking system
Farmers and businessmen could take out loans
(unheard of in much of the world)
Lots of trade overseas
(India, United States, other British colonies in Africa and Asia)
Overall good feelings made people very positive about the future

24. Political stability
Even though Britain was involved in many wars in the 1700s, none were fought on British soil
Military success led population to believe in the future of Britain
Parliament passed laws that protected business ventures
Basically, Britain had what is called factors of production (ideal conditions for industrialization)

25. Inventions Conditions were right for an explosion of creativity
New machines were invented that revolutionized Britain’s textile industry
All of these machines were set up in buildings (not in homes) called factories
First ones were built by rivers since they needed water power to run looms, water frames, etc.

26. Transportation Steam engine invented then steam ship
Canals start being built all over England
Over 4000 miles of canals in England by 1820 – goods transported by steam boats or horse drawn barges all across England
Road transportation improves radically at this time as well

27. Railway age begins
Richard Trevithick invents a steam locomotive in 1804
George Stephenson builds the first railroad line in 1821 – from coal mines in Yorkshire to the North Sea
First run was a 13-ton load pulled by a locomotive at the breakneck speed of… mph
But England could then ship coal from northern England to London, or even to other countries = more production = more jobs = Industrial Revolution Time