Chapter 8 section1 The High and Late Middle Ages Royal Power Grows

Monarchs, Nobles and the Church Monarchs stood at head of society, but had little power Nobles and the Church had as much power, or were more powerful than monarchs Each had their own courts, armies and collected taxes Resisted any efforts by monarchs to increase power From1000 to 1300 balance of power began to shift from nobles and courts to monarchs

English Kings Strengthen Their Power During early middle ages the Angles, Saxons, and Vikings settled England A feudal structure developed but English monarchs maintained control 1066 Anglo-Saxon king, Edward died without an heir Harold, brother in law of Edward was chosen to rule William, Duke of Normandy,also claimed throne as a relative of Edward –promised throne

William of Normandy Conquers England William raised and army and was backed by the pope Sailed across English Channel Won the Battle of Hastings defeating Harold French speaking William the Conqueror became the king of England Next 300 years saw blending of French and Anglo- Saxon customs, languages and traditions

The Normandy Invasion

William the Conqueror Harold of England

The Domesday book Complete census taken Built efficient system of Taxation Helped to create treasury Granted fiefs to the church Kept large amount of land Knew who built castles and where they were located Required every vassal to swear First allegiance to him

Developing a Unified Legal System 1154 Henry II inherited throne Expanded accepted customs into law Sent out justices to enforce law The decisions of these justices became foundation of English Common Law Applied to all of England Disputes taken to royal courts rather than local court of nobles or the Church Charged fee Developed jury system, like grand jury today Later trial jury evolved

Henry the II Developed common law Developed jury system Had Thomas Becket killed over dispute as to who had the right to try clergy, the Royal Court or Church Courts Becket killed in 1170 by four of Henry’s knights v=aJycrT_UkAY

Evolving Tradition of Government MAGNA CHARTA THE GREAT CHARTER

King John Son of Henry II Lost war with Philip II, King of France, losing lands in France Rejected the person Innocent III chose as Archbishop of Canterbury Excommunicated by Innocent III Cause of interdict on all of England Angered nobles with oppressive taxes and other abuses Forced to sign the Magna Carta

Asserted that nobles had certain rights, later extended to all citizens The monarch must obey the law Freeman were protected from arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, and other legal actions Called due process of law Basis of right of habeas corpus No new taxes without consulting lords and clergy So…

King Edward I Added two knights from each county and representative of the towns Known as Model Parliament Became the House of Commons House of lords and clergy Gained the power of the purse Monarchs had to meet demands of parliament before giving him money Limited the power of the monarch The Development of Parliament

Hugh Capet The Capetian Kings 987 – Hugh Capet elected King Elected because nobles thought he would be easy to control Slowly increased royal power Made throne hereditary (lasted for 300 years) Added to their lands/played nobles off each other Won support of the Church Built effective bureaucracy Gained support of middle class Monarchs in France

1179 became King of France Created bureaucracy of middle class officials who owed loyalty to him Granted charters to towns started a new national tax Increased land holdings 4X helped pope to suppress the Albigensians adding their land Died in 1223 as most powerful ruler in Europe Philip Augustus Extends Power

Louis IX King and Saint Persecuted Jews Led French knights on Two crusades By 1256 declared a saint Checked on local administrators Expanded royal courts Ended serfdom Created a strong national feeling among his subjects died in 1270 France governed by efficient central monarchy

Philip IV Tried to collect taxes from the clergy Boniface VIII forbade Philip to tax clergy without his consent Philip sent troops to seize Boniface, but he escaped 1305 Frenchman elected pope moved papal court to Avignon Rival pope was elected in Rome Set up Estates General

Boniface VIII Excommunicates Philip IV Surprise attack at his home by Philip’s chief minister Boniface refused to resign Boniface was beaten badly and nearly executed Died one month later Later popes would not challenge power of kings