1. 14.3 – England & France Develop

2. England: Invasions Invaders from the North
Danes & Vikings
Alfred the Great is successful in defeating invasions
1016: Conquered by the Danes
Unites Angles, Saxons, & Vikings in England
1/1066: King Edward dies = struggle for the throne

3. Norman Conquest – 1066
William (Norman) & Harold (Anglo-Saxon) fight over the throne
Normans spoke French, descendants of Vikings
10/14/1066 – Battle of Hastings
William defeats Harold (killed), earns “The Conqueror”
William unifies control of England & creates a centralized government

4. Expansion Goals of English Kings
1) Add to French lands
2) Strengthen power over nobles & the Church
Henry II expands French lands by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine
Vassal to the French King
Henry II uses judges to enforce laws; introduces juries
Court rulings develop common law – unified body of law
Basis for many today (U.S.)
Expansion

5. John & The Magna Carta 1199: Richard I dies, brother John takes over
Horrible King
Loses Normandy to Philip II
Alienates the Church & raises taxes
Nobles revolt; force him to sign the Magna Carta
Guarantees basic political rights
No taxation w/o representation
Trial by jury
Protection of the law

6. Parliament Edward I needs to raises taxes to support wars
1295: Assembles 2 burgesses & knights from every borough & county = Parliament
Kings call parliament over issues of new taxes
Provides check on royal power
Evolves into the House of Commons & House of Lords
Parliament

7. France: Capetian Dynasty
1000: France divided into 47 territories
987: Hugh Capet controls Paris & controls trade
Philip II increases French territory
Reclaims Normandy
Triples French land
Uses bailiffs to collect taxes & preside over courts

9. Heirs Louis IX – strengthens French government
Creates an appeals court
Philip IV – establishes the Estates-General
Develops b/c of dispute between Pope’s control of affairs in France
Efforts strengthen the monarchy & weaken feudal ties

10. Estates-General Representative Body:
1st Estate: the Church
2nd Estate: the Lords
3rd Estate: Commoners
Increases royal power over nobility; not an independent force
Beginnings of democratic traditions w/ Parliament
Common man gaining decision-making ability