UNIT 12 – THE COLD WAR CHAPTER 33 RESTURCTURING THE POSTWAR WORLD

The United States and the Soviet Union vie for superiority, and both countries extend their control over other nations. SECTION 1 Cold War: Superpowers Face Off Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin (left to right) at the Yalta Conference (February 1945). SECTION 2 SECTION 3 SECTION 4 Communists Take Power in China Wars in Korea and Vietnam The Cold War Divides the World SECTION 5 The Cold War Thaws

 CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the conflicts of the Cold War.  Objective12.1: Analyze the global competition between the United States and the Soviet Union

CHAPTER 33 SECTION 1 COLD WAR: SUPERPOWERS FACE OFF The opposing economic and political philosophies of the United States and the Soviet Union lead to global competition.

 Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan In February 1945, British, American, Soviet leaders meet at Yalta Agree to divide Germany into 4 zones of occupation when WWII ends Soviet leader Stalin agrees to allow free elections in Eastern Europe

 Creation of the United Nations June 1945, 50 nations form United Nations — international peace organization All members represented in General Assembly; 11 on Security Council Five permanent members have Security Council veto power

WHAT IS COMMUNISM?  COMMUNISM: economic policy driven to create a classless society where workers control means of production. Needs of country above individual rights Government owns means of production, equal pay for all Single party in power – openly hostile towards capitalism  CAPITALISM a free market economic system based on the private ownership of means of production, with the goal of making a profit  DEMOCRACY form of government in which allows citizens to participate, either directly or through elected representatives, in the proposal, development, and creation of laws

 U.S. and Soviets split sharply after WWII ends U.S. is world’s richest and most powerful country after WWII U.S. wanted to develop strong capitalist democracies Soviets want to spread communism throughout the world  Soviets Build a Buffer Wanted to rebuild Europe in ways that would help them recover from the huge losses it suffered during the war Truman urges free elections; Stalin refuses In 1946, Stalin says capitalism and communism cannot co-exist

 An Iron Curtain Divides East and West USSR established satellite nations, countries in Eastern Europe subject to Soviet domination Stalin installs Communist governments in several countries Germany is divided; E. Germany Communist / W. Germany Democratic Iron Curtain — Winston Churchill’s name for the division of Europe

 Containment Containment — U.S. plan to stop the spread of communism  The Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine — U.S. supports countries that reject communism (MILITARY) Congress approves Truman’s request for aid to Greece, Turkey  The Marshall Plan Much of Western Europe lay in ruins after World War II Marshall Plan — U.S. program of financially assisting Western European countries ($) Congress approves plan after Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia

 In 1948, U.S., Britain, France withdraw forces from West Germany Their former occupation zones form one country Soviets oppose this, stop land and water traffic into West Berlin West Berlin, located in Soviet occupation zone, faces starvation  U.S., Britain fly in supplies for 11 months until the Soviet blockade of Berlin ends In 1961, Soviets build Berlin Wall to separate the city

 The Cold War Cold War — struggle of U.S., Soviet Union using means short of war  Superpowers Form Rival Alliances In 1949, U.S., Canada, West European countries form NATO NATO — North Atlantic Treaty Organization, defensive military alliance In 1955, Soviets, Eastern European nations sign Warsaw Pact alliance

 The Threat of Nuclear War Soviet Union explodes its first atomic bomb in 1949 U.S. and Soviet Union both develop more powerful hydrogen bomb Brinkmanship — policy of willingness to go to the edge of war Increasing tensions lead to military buildup by U.S. and Soviets  The Cold War in the Skies In 1957, Soviets launch Sputnik, first unmanned satellite In 1960, Soviets shoot down American U2 spy plane, increasing tensions

Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the United States for postwar Europe? (A) Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion (B) Build economically strong democracies that resist communism (C) Add more members to the United Nations (D) Ensure further cooperation with Stalin Which of these phrases best describes NATO? (A) A collective security pact between the U.S., Canada, and Western Europe (B) A military alliance between the USSR and its satellite nations (C) A U.S.-sponsored program for postwar recovery (D) A regional group within the United Nations

Which of these choices best describes the primary goal of the United States for postwar Europe? (A) Protect the Soviet Union from future invasion (B) Build economically strong democracies that resist communism (C) Add more members to the United Nations (D) Ensure further cooperation with Stalin Which of these phrases best describes NATO? (A) A collective security pact between the U.S., Canada, Western Europe (B) A military alliance between the USSR and its satellite nations (C) A U.S.-sponsored program for postwar recovery (D) A regional group within the United Nations

CRASH COURSE The USA vs. the USSR – The Cold War ex=39&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9