1. Restructuring the Postwar World
Chapter 33
Restructuring the Postwar World

2. Section 1 Cold War: Superpowers Face Off
The opposing economic and political philosophies of the US and SU lead to global competition.

3. ALLIES BECOME ENEMIES SU ‘s nonaggression pact with Germany
SU thought the US came into WWII too late

4. Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan
February 1945
US, Britain, and SU meet

5. Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan Continued…
Agreed to…
Divide Germany into 4 zones
Germany would pay war reparations to SU
Stalin agreed to join the war against Japan
Eastern Europeans (Poland) would have free elections

6. Creation of the United Nations
50 countries joined the UN. Members protect each other against aggression.

7. Creation of the United Nations Continued…
All 50 make up the General Assembly, there is also an 11-member Security Council.
5 permanent members have Security Council veto power.

8. Differing US and Soviet Goals
USSR lost more lives than the US and their infrastructure was destroyed.

9. EASTERN EUROPE’S IRON CURTAIN
USSR wanting to shield itself from invasion from western countries.
USSR disregards the Yalta Conference and formed communist governments on its western boarder.

10. EASTERN EUROPE’S IRON CURTAIN Continued…
July 1945: Potsdam Conference is held. Truman, Stalin and Churchill (FDR had died)
USSR was pressed to allow free elections in Poland.
Stalin refuses, says capitalism and communism cannot co-exist.

11. An Iron curtain divides East and West
Germany now split in two; East (including Berlin) communist and West democratic.

12. Churchill in a speech made in Fulton, Missouri stated that the USSR had created an “iron curtain” between Democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe

13. UNITED STATES TRIES TO CONTAIN SOVIETS
Through the Truman Document a policy of containment was issued.
Tried to stop communist expansion.
Congress is asked to aid Turkey and Greece.

14. The Marshall Plan
Secretary of State George Marshall proposed aid to needed European countries.
$12.5 billion issued.

15. The Berlin Airlift
1948 France, Britain and the US withdraw from Germany.
Their former occupation zones form one country.
Berlin was divided into 4 zones.
USSR cut West Berlin off from outside influence.
It faced starvation.

16. The Berlin Airlift Continued…
From June 1948 – May 1949 Allied planes took off and landed every three minutes in West Berlin.
Brought in food and supplies

17. THE COLD WAR DIVIDES THE WORLD
Definition: struggle of U.S., USSR using means short of war. Lasted until 1991.

18. Superpowers Form Rival Alliances
1949: Because of the Berlin blockade, 10 western European nations, the US and Canada formed NATO.
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization, defensive military alliance.
An attack on any NATO member would be considered an attack on all members.

19. Superpowers Form Rival Alliances Continued…
1955: USSR responds by forming the Warsaw Pact.
1961: Soviets build Berlin Wall to separate East and West Berlin.

20. The Threat of Nuclear War
US has atomic bombs
1949
USSR exploded its own atomic weapon.
1950
Truman issues work on a thermonuclear weapon: the H-bomb

21. The Threat of Nuclear War Continued…
1953
Eisenhower is president.
John Foster Dulles was secretary of State. He issued a policy known as brinkmanship.
Definition
Willingness to go to the edge of war.

22. The Cold War in the Skies
1957
USSR creates a ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile)
Sputnik was launched. First unmanned satellite.
1958
US sends its first missile.
1960
US wants to be able to fly over USSR.

23. The Cold War in the Skies Continued..
                                                                 
U-2 In Flight
USSR says no
Hits a US spy plane (U-2) over 15 miles high in the sky.
US feels a need to catch up to, or surpass the Soviets.
1961 USSR: first man in space.
1969 US first man on the moon.
                                                              
Khruhchev displays wreckage of the U-2 spy plane shot down over the USSR.

25. Name of Conference, Who the people are, Main thing discussed

26. This term was coined in Fulton Missouri by this person.
Aid to European Countries fell under this _____ plan.
What did the allies form because of the Berlin blockade and what was USSR’s response?
John Foster Dullas coined the term_____ and it means what?
Truman made this and it helped these countries.