The Establishment of the 13 Original Colonies

Roanoke and Jamestown England’s Early Settlement of Virginia

Elizabeth I Reigned 1558 – 1603 Wanted colonies to compete with Spain (mercantilism) ◦ Spread Protestant faith ◦ Provide raw material ◦ Be a market for English goods

Roanoke Island (Lost Colony) Sir Walter Raleigh asked Queen Elizabeth of England if he could lead a group of people to begin a colony in the North America. charter Queen Elizabeth gave Raleigh a charter (a document that allowed colonists to live on land owned by their country.)

Roanoke 1580s – The Lost Colony Poorly planned and supplied Poorly planned and supplied ◦ Failed ◦ Failed due to hunger and bad relations with the Native Americans. ◦ All but 15 men went back to England on a ship. John White returned in August 1590 to find no colonists on Roanoke Island. On one of the trees was written CROATOAN.

James I Reigned Wanted colonies that would economically help England Wanted to get rid of people who don’t want to follow the Church of England

Jamestown In 1606, King James I gave permission to the Virginia Company of London to try a colony. ◦Joint-stock company ◦First to settle Jamestown Jamestown Virginia Jamestown was named after the King James I and Virginia was named after Elizabeth I, the Virgin Queen of England.

Jamestown On May 14, 1607, the settlers began building the first English permanent settlement on the James River in Virginia. Colony led by John Smith Colony led by John Smith ◦ No precious metals found w Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown Click Here to see a Virtual tour of Jamestown

Hardship in Jamestown Gentlemen do not want to work. ◦ John Smith ◦ John Smith – “He who will not work, shall not eat” John Smith returns to England in 1609 ◦ Leads to poor colonial leadership Not educated in how to plant food in Virginia. ◦ The Starving Time ◦ The Starving Time – 1609 Native American attacks Disease

Jamestown Thrives John Rolfe – arrives in Jamestown in 1610 Experimented with planting Caribbean tobacco seeds in fertile Virginia soil. The cash crop was the savior of the colony of Jamestown and Virginia Free Enterprise ◦ Business not interfered with by government ◦ Colonists farmed the land for profit ◦ Private land ownershipexpanded ◦ Private land ownership expanded

House of Burgesses Start of Representative Government Virginia Company allows creation of a representative body 1619 – Virginia Company allows creation of a representative body ◦ Gave people a voice in their government ◦ Ten towns sent 2 representatives called burgesses to an assembly House of Burgesses ◦ July 30 – House of Burgesses met at a church in Jamestown

New Arrivals change Jamestown “20 & odd Negroes, which the governor & cape merchant bought…at the best & easiest rate they could” ◦Written by John Rolfe in st English settlement to use African slaves Jamestown – 1 st English settlement to use African slaves

A Review of Jamestown (Virginia) 1607 Created by Virginia Company of London ◦ Joint Stock Company ◦ created colony to make profit for investors Many hardships faced John Rolfe’s tobacco plant created wealth House of Burgesses in 1619 Created House of Burgesses in 1619 ◦ First representative body in American colonies John Smith

The New England Colonies The Migration of Puritans and Pilgrims

Plymouth (Massachusetts) 1620 Pilgrims (Separatists) fleeing religious persecution Created Mayflower Compact

New Hampshire 1623 John Mason wanted to start a colony for fishing and trade ◦ Portsmouth Expanded by John Wheelwright in 1638 ◦ Some Puritans seek more freedoms Atlantic Cod

Charles I Reigned Son of James I Didn’t get along with the Puritans or Parliament Wanted to help the Catholics

Massachusetts Bay 1630 Settled by the Puritans ◦ Great Migration Absorbed Plymouth Founded Harvard College in 1636 to train Puritan ministers Town meetings John Winthrop

Connecticut 1636 Continuation of the Great Migration of the Puritans ◦ Dissatisfied with lack of freedoms in Mass. Fundamental Orders of C onnecticut ◦ Extended rights of citizens Thomas Hooker

Rhode Island 1636 Roger Williams kicked out of Massachusetts Believed in the separation of church and state Thought the Native Americans should be treated fairly Roger Williams

The Middle Colonies The Role of Religion in the Colonies

New York 1664 New Jersey Originally New Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624 ◦ Taken for its trade routes & commerce Became English in 1664 Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II) Originally part of New Netherlands Became English in 1664 Land sales and religious freedom Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret

Pennsylvania 1682 Land given to Penn to cover a £16,000 loan Peaceful place for the Quaker congregation Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land William Penn

Delaware 1682 Originally settled by the Swedes (Sweden) Taken over by the Dutch Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed until 1704

The Southern Colonies Geography drives cash crop prodcution

Maryland 1632 Founded as a refuge for English Catholics Welcomed all Christians 1 st settlement St. Mary’s City George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

The Carolinas 1663 Founded in 1663 Groups of proprietors Most noted Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1 st Earl of Shaftesbury His advisor John Locke helped write the constitution for Carolina Split into North and South in 1712

George II Reigns Son of George I Stopped the attempt to reclaim the throne by James II’s grandson Charles Edward Stuart

Georgia 1732 Place to send debtors Keep the Spanish from attacking from the south Strict rules; no slaves, no alcohol James Oglethorpe

George III Reigns Grandson of George II Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada