England and France Develop Chaptee 14 Section 3

I England Absorbs Waves of Invaders A. Early Invaders Danish Vikings invade & fought off by Alfred the Great He united kingdom under one rule and call it England (“Land of the Angles”) Angles one of tribes that invaded Britain Danish King conquered England molding Anglo-Saxons & Vikings into one ppl Anglo-Saxon king died  struggle for throne

B. Norman Conquest Duke of Normandy AKA William the Conqueror invades Enlgand Normans dexcendents of Vikings but were French in language & culture Andlo-Saxon named Godwinson claims throne Normans & Saxons fought for control in the Battle of Hastings Normans win  William declared England his property grants fiefs to Norman lords  paves the way for centralized gov’t

II England’s Involving Government A. Monarchs, Nobles, & the Common Law Eleanor of Aquitaine narries King of France  marriage annulled Marry’s Henry II of England  gains piece of France called Aquintaine’ Henry strengthened Royal cts. By sending royal judges to every pt. of England once a yr. Henry introduces use of juries in courts Over centuries, their case rulings formed unified body of law that become known as common law English common law is basis for US law

B. The Magna Carta Richard inherits throne  dies  younger brother John rules Failed mil. Leader  John Softsword  confrontation w/ his nobles Nobles revolted & forced John to sign the Magna Carta Magna Carta (Great Charter)= guaranteed certain basic political rights and limited the kings power (no ta w/o rep, jury trial, protection under law) Magna Carta basis for basic legal rights adopted by US

C. The Model Parliament Another step towards democracy was the creation of Parliament Parliament= legislative group that was made up of 2 burgesses and 2 knights from each county Called “model Parliament” because it served as model to later kings Knights and burgesses eventually create assembly of their own called the House of Commons

III Capetian Dynasty Rules France A. France Becomes a Separate Kingdom Hugh Capet becomes ruler of small territory in France His territory is positioned around important trade routes  allowed him to spread his control and would eventually unify France

B. Philip II Extends his Power Philip II= most powerful Capetian Seized Normandy from weak English King John (softsword) Tripled his land Established royal officials called bailiffs Send to every district to preside over king’s cts.

C. Philip II’s Heirs Central Gov’t made even stronger under Louis IX Created French appeals cts. That overturned decision of local cts. Philip IV included commoners in his meetings with lords and bishops In France, Church leaders known as First Estate and Lords as the Third Estate Meeting as a whole was called the Estates-General