Cancer Uncontrollable or abnormal growth of abnormal cells.  1st leading cause of death is having a heart attack  Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death among adults  Between 5-10% of cancers are hereditary

Tumor Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body.  Types of Tumors:  Benign tumors- non cancerous, grow slowly surrounded by a membrane preventing them to spread from site.  Benign can be dangerous only if it interferes with normal body functions.  Ex (Brain tumor- can block blood flow.)  Malignant- cancerous, spreads through body  Made up of cells that grow out of control

Vocabulary Words  Metastasis- The spread of cancer from the point where it originated to the other parts of the body.  Enters 1 of 2 systems- circulatory or lymphatic  Carcinogen- A cancer causing substance (often referred to as an environmental factors)  60% of all cancers can be prevented through lifestyle choices.  Tobacco use- major cause of cancer deaths in the US and the most preventable.  Nearly 1 in 5 deaths are due to smoking or exposure to Second hand smoke.  Examples of Carcinogens (5)  Tobacco Use  Nutrition  Ultraviolet Light  Workplace exposures  Radiation  Agent orange  Asbestos  Hair Dyes  Household exposures  Pesticides  Cleaning Products  Old Paint  Pollution  Alcohol

Types of Cancer (3)  Lymphoma- cancer of the immune system  Begins in infection-fighting cells  Very treatable (most cases can be cured)  Leukemia- cancer of the blood  Abnormal rise in number of white blood cells  Carcinoma- cancer of the glands and the body linings  (skin and the linings of digestive tract and lungs)  Oral, lung, breast, prostate, colon, pancreas, ovaries  Sarcoma- cancer of connective tissues  (bones, ligaments, and muscles)  Very rare  Treatable  Reproductive Cancer-  Prostate > Males(50^)  Testicular> Males(15-34)  Cervical>Women(15-20)  Breast>Women(40^)

Types of Cancer Types of Cancer Skin-most common Ultraviolet rays Tanning beds Mole or freckle that changes, or discharge Biopsies Breast- 2nd leading cause of death for women Obesity, alcohol, physical inactivity, genetic factors Unusual lump, changes in shape MammogramSelf-exam Prostate- 2nd leading and most common in men over 55yrs High fat diet, Hereditary Painful urination, blood in urine or semen Blood test Lung- leading cause of death in the U.S. in both genders. Cigarettes No initial symptoms. Later- coughing and shortness of breath Chest x-ray Cervical-15,000 diagnosis per year History of infection w/ HPV(human papillomavirus) Later- abnormal vaginal bleeding Pap smear Testicle- Most common for younger men b/c of higher levels of testosterone Family history of testicular cancer Small, hard painless lumps on testicle. Pain between scrotum & anus Self-exam CancerFactorsSymptomsScreening

Diagnosing Cancer  Regular physical exams (yearly visit)  Self-exams once a month  Be familiar with your own body  Don’t ignore your body!  C.A.U.T.I.O.N

Warning signs (3)  Changes in bowel movements  Looser stool or more often  A sore that doesn’t heal  Unusual bleeding or discharge  Vaginal bleeding, blood in pee or coughing up  Thickening Lump  Indigestion, trouble swallowing  Obvious change in wart or mole  Nagging cough or hoarseness

Prevention  Know your health history  Do self exams- once a month  Avoid sunburn  Use sunscreen  Check ups (yearly and as needed)  Don’t smoke & exercise regularly  Proper Diet

Treatments (4)  Surgery- is the standard method of removing tumors or affected area  Radiation- uses energy from radium that can pinpoint and penetrate a tumor. The energy destroys the tumor by damaging DNA inside cell nuclei. This is usually done in an area that is an awkward place (head, neck)  Risk: Radiation damages the normal cells in it’s path.  Chemotherapy- use of anticancer medications to treat cancer. They are administered through IV injection and only attack the abnormal cells.  Hormone Therapy- when specific hormones are injected into the patient to prevent abnormal cells from being able to reproduce and continue to grow.  Early detection improves the survival rate of ALL cancers

Effects of Cancer Treatments (5)  Fatigue  Pain  Mouth & Throat Sores  Diarrhea  Nausea & Vomiting  Chemo Brain  Constipation  Appetite Loss  Hair Loss  Emotional & Psychological Problems  Jimmy V Jimmy V Jimmy V