US History

 Explain the significance of  Describe US responses to Soviet aggression after WWII, including the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and the Berlin airlift.  Analyze the conflict in Korea and describe their domestic and international effects.  Describe the impact of the GI Bill, the election of 1948, McCarthyism, and Sputnik I.  Analyze the reasons for Western victory in the Cold War and the challenges of changing relationships among nations  Describe the impact of the Cold War on the business cycle and defense spending.

What is the Cold War? Economic, political, philosophical tensions and differences between Soviet Union vs. United States Competition for global power and influence Threat for all-out war present Produced hysteria in America

EUROPE  The Potsdam Conference (July 1945)  French, British, Russians, and Americans divide Germany into four zones of occupation  All agree to jointly administer Berlin  Eliminate Nazi party  Rebuild German industry JAPAN  United States occupies Japan from  Help to rebuild industry  Establish democratic government  Abolished army and navy

 War Crimes Trials  Europe: The Nuremberg Trials—12 sentenced to death  Japan: The Tokyo Trials—7 sentenced to death (including Hideki Tojo)  Establishment of the United Nations  International organization for world peace  Founding of Israel  Many Jewish people move to Palestine to establish homeland (Zionism)

 During WWII, the Soviet Union expanded  Baltic States  Poland  Romania  Determined to keep influence in Eastern Europe  Satellite Nations—nations under Soviet Control

 Strengthen control of Western Germany  Revived industry  Called Soviet control “Iron Curtain”  Developed a policy of containment  Restrict Soviet expansion  Why would the Allies want to limit Soviet Expansion around the world?

 US used atomic bombs during WWII  After WWII, Soviet Union began to develop own atomic technology  Terrifying—fear of nuclear war  Americans develop even more powerful bombs  Soviets test their first atomic bomb in 1949

 “It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation (conquest) by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”  Civil War in Greece between monarchy and communists  US Congress approves $400 million to aid Greece and Turkey  Containment

 Give money to aid in the economic reconstruction of Western Europe  $17 billion in aid given  Containment!  Set precedent of extending economic aid abroad after tragedies/natural disasters

The Marshall Plan What is the meaning of this cartoon?

The Berlin Airlift (1) Western Germany— United States, France, Great Britain Eastern Germany— Soviet Union Berlin—divided by all 4

 In June 1948, Britain, France, and US announce plans to combine their zones and create a West German government  Strengthened by Marshall Plan  Soviet Union does not like this!  June 24, 1948—Blocked all roads, canals, and railways linking Berlin to Western Germany ▪ No food, fuel, supplies

 Western Leaders respond to blocked roads by delivering supplies by airplane  Embarrassed the Soviet Union  Germany remains divided for 40 years!

 Military Alliance of 9 Western European nations, US, Canada, and Iceland  Each pledged to defend the others in case of attack  Soviet Union creates the Warsaw Pact  Military alliance with other communist nations in Eastern Europe  Fill out handout from map on page 570—NATO, Warsaw Pact, non-aligned