STD 101 Maurice Murray, MPH Dallas County Health & Human Services

“A” BSTIENCE Abstinence is not having sex of any kind Abstinence is the ONLY 100% effective way to prevent both pregnancy and STDs You don't have to be a virgin to practice abstinence

Levels of Sexual Activity 1. Talking 2. Touching 3. Hugging 4. Kissing 5. Petting – Above the Waist 6. Petting – Below the Waist 7. Oral sex 8. Intercourse

Five Ways Bacteria Enter Our Bodies Physical Contact Puncture Wounds Insect Bites Airborne Carried into Digestive System (from food and drink)

Modes of Transmission Contact With Bodily Fluids - Blood and blood products - Semen - Vaginal secretions - Saliva (if there is blood in it) Sexual Intercourse Mother to baby I.V. Drug Use

Bacterial Diseases Gonorrhea Chlamydia Syphilis

Days Time of Exposure GonorrheaChlamydia Incubation Period Time needed for symptoms to appear after initial exposure Varies from disease to disease

Male Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Symptoms Burning sensation during urination Pus-like discharge

Female Symptoms 80% of infected women have NO symptoms 20% have the following symptoms: - Abdominal Pain - Heavy Discharge - Burning sensation while urinating

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Most common sexually transmitted disease Passed from one person to another by skin-to- skin contact during sexual contact Certain strains of HPV can cause cervical cancer Other signs or symptoms are warts at the infection site

Herpes Caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) Can cause sores around the mouth (oral herpes) and the genitals (genital herpes) Spread by direct, skin-to-skin contact People often transmit herpes without knowing they have it

Symptoms of herpes Sores, bumps, blisters, or a rash in genital area Pain or itching around the buttocks or legs Itching or burning during urination

“A” BSTIENCE Abstinence is not having sex of any kind Abstinence is the ONLY 100% effective way to prevent both pregnancy and STDs You don't have to be a virgin to practice abstinence

Three Stages of Syphilis Primary Stage Secondary Stage Tertiary (late) Stage

Primary Stage Symptoms: - Painless chancre sore - No discharge - Disappears in 1 – 5 weeks Any person with sores in INFECTIOUS!

Secondary Stage Symptoms: - Sores - Rash - Appear within 3 to 6 months Any person with sores is INFECTIOUS!

Tertiary Stage Symptoms - Spinal cord problems - Insanity (Affects Brain) - Heart attacks Appear after infection up to 20 years or longer

Bacterial Diseases Gonorrhea  Signs: discharge and burning sensation Chlamydia  Signs: discharge and burning sensation Syphilis  Painless sores and general body rash

HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Known Modes of Transmission Blood and blood products I.V. Drug Use Bodily fluids  Semen  Vaginal secretions  Saliva (if there is blood in it) Mother to child  Before birth  After birth (breastfeeding)

Hand Shake Hugging Dry Kissing Sharing Food Handling Objects Touched by an Infected Person Casual Contact: NOT a means of transmission

Time of exposure, infected with HIV Virus 0 3 mo 6 mo 2 yrs 10 yrs HIV + and AIDS Test HIV + Test HIV NO SYMPTOMS may occur for 6 months to 10 years Even though there are no symptoms, the person is a CARRIER of the infection A person with HIV infection can be INFECTIOUS

Proportion of High School Students With Four or More Lifetime Sexual Partners by Grade in % Grade 9th 17% Grade 10th 18% Grade 11th 29% Grade 12th

Proportion of Sexually Active High School Students Who Used a Condom at Last Sex by Grade in % Grade 9th 61% Grade 10th 52% Grade 11th 52% Grade 12th

Risks and Consequences of Teen Pregnancies Teen mothers have more premature and low birth-weight babies infant death, blindness, deafness, chronic respiratory problems, mental retardation, mental illness, cerebralpalsy, dyslexia, and hyperactivity

Risks and Consequences of Teen Pregnancies Continued Children of teen mothers do worse in school than those born to older parents The sons of teen mothers are two times more likely to end up in prison than the sons of mothers aged The daughters of young teen mothers are three times more likely to become teen mothers themselves

Number of Teen Pregnancies in Texas Ages in ,050 In 2004, The Public Cost of Teen Pregnancies: $1 BILLION DOLLARS

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