1. STI: Sexually Transmitted Infections

2. Anatomy basics

3. Anatomy basics

4. Anatomy basics

5. Chlamydia Caused by a bacteria
Spread sexually by an infected partner, A/O/V
An untreated mother can transmit chlamydia to her unborn baby
Most females have no symptoms – 70%, 50% of males have no symptoms
Two of the possible symptoms:
can cause burning during urination
discharge from the vagina or penis
can be cured by antibiotics
tested for through a family physician or public health clinic
Can lead to infertility caused by Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in females and infertility in males (damages the epididymis and urethra)

6. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a serious side effect of other bacterial STIs. Females under 25 have a much greater risk of this because the cervix may not be fully matured. The more partner a female has, the greater the risk.

7. Herpes caused by two types of virus – HSV1, HSV2
Transmitted through A/O/V sexual contact.
HSV1 – contact with saliva is the most common mode to spread the virus
HSV2 – usually by sexual contact with a person with the blisters or sores
Can be passed as well by someone with no symptoms
A mother can pass the virus to her baby during childbirth
Symptoms can include recurring, painful blisters on mouth or genitals
NO cure for herpes
Medication can help the blisters to heal faster but cannot cure them

9. HIV/AIDS Spread by a virus that is blood borne
Spread through sexual contact (anal sex particularly risky) with an infected person (A/O/V)
Spread by sharing needles – for drugs, tattooing or piercing
A mother can transmit the virus to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding
some symptoms: acute flu-like illness, high fever (2 weeks) , chronic diarrhea (3 weeks), extreme tiredness
there is no cure for HIV/AIDS - good treatments exist for those who can afford it

11. Genital Warts caused by a virus (HPV) - papillomavirus
spread by sexual contact
the warts can appear 1-20 months after sexual contact with an infected person
warts are sometimes soft and pink, others are hard, yellow-grey
there is no cure for genital warts, but the warts can be treated
There is a vaccine against HPV
HPV is the leading cause of cervical cancer

13. Hepatitis B caused by a virus
virus is found in blood, semen, vaginal fluids and saliva
spread by sexual contact with an infected partner, or infected blood in used needles (drugs, tattoo, piercing), sharing toothbrushes or razors
mothers can pass hepatitis B on to their babies
symptoms can include tiredness, not hungry, yellow skin
most people get better and can no longer pass on the virus, others do pass on the virus
Hep B has a safe and effective vaccine

14. Gonorrhea Caused by a bacteria
Spread by sexual contact (A/O/V) with an infected partner
A mother can pass gonorrhea to her baby during childbirth
More than 50% of men and women have no symptoms, often do not know they have the STI
Symptoms include pain during urination, discharge from the vagina or penis
Can be cured by antibiotics
Can lead to infertility caused by Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in females and infertility in males (damages the epididymis and urethra)

16. Syphilis Caused by bacteria
Transmitted by sexual contact with an infected person (A/O/V) and to an unborn child from their mother (leads to stillbirth or death shortly after birth)
Can be treated with antibiotics
Stages – 1 – a sore on the genitals or mouth, 2 – a skin rash and sore throat followed by a “hidden” phase (may last for years), 3- serious damage (e.g. blindness)

17. Trichomoniasis Caused by a protozoan parasite
Transmitted by sexual contact with an infected person where fluids are exchanged (can be passed on by fingers)
Can be treated with antibiotics
Leads to vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina and vulva) and urethritis (inflammation of the urethra) – symptoms include (female) discharge, pain, itching and (male) discharge, pain with urination
If women are pregnant with trich, it may result in miscarriage, pre-term birth.

18. The ONLY 100% way to prevent STI infection is abstinence
In Summary:
Be conscious of the symptoms of STIs
Pain when urinating
Unusual discharge from genitals
Genital pain, abdominal pain
Sores or blisters
Remember: some very harmful infections have NO NOTICEABLE SYMPTOMS!
The ONLY 100% way to prevent STI infection is abstinence

19. Some local statistics
In Waterloo Region, the teen pregnancy rate is 30.8 per 1000 females highest of all urban areas in Ontario.
includes live births, miscarriages and abortions.
rate is higher than Toronto (27.4) and Ontario average (25.7).
In WR, the number of teens who say they have had sexual intercourse is lower than the Ontario average (36.9% of boys, 35.1% of girls) – ages
Chlamydia – 263 confirmed cases a year (80% female) – 1,212 out of 100,000 – ages , rate increasing yearly

20. Some local statistics
Interesting (scary!) note: in 2010 there were over 5000 cases of chlamydia reported in WR – almost 4 times the number of cases of the flu!
Gonorrhea rates are lower
HIV rates in WR are currently at 7 per 100,000 (no age descriptor given)
Rates of HIV are declining in Ontario
Younger women remain a higher risk category