Industrialization – Part 1 (Ch. 9, Sec. 1) 1. The Agricultural Revolution 2. Industrial Revolution Began in Britain 3. Inventions Spurred Industrial Revolution

How did the Agricultural Revolution help create industrialization? Wealthy landowners bought out small farmers, then fenced in farms (enclosures) They experimented with new seeding & harvesting methods to improve crop yields Jethro Tull invented the seed drill (sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths) Crop rotation (rotate specific crops) & selective breeding (mating strongest animals) produced larger yields

What led to the Industrial Revolution getting started in Britain? Britain had a large population of workers, as well as extensive natural resources: Water power & coal for power Iron ore to construct machines, tools, & buildings Rivers & harbors provided transportation Britain had all the factors of production (land, labor, & capital), plus an economy that could support industrialization

Spinning Wheel / Cottage Industry

How did new inventions spur industrialization? John Kay’s flying shuttle doubled the work a weaver could do in a day James Hargreaves’ spinning wheel (spinning jenny) allowed spinners to work 8 threads at a time Eli Whitney’s cotton gin drastically increased the amount of cotton that could be cleaned The spinning mule, water frame, & power loom led to the beginning of factories

Industrialization – Part 2 1. Improvements in Transportation Contributed 2. Beginning of The Railroad Industry 3. Railway Industry Revolutionized Transportation

How did improvements in transportation contribute to industrialization? Watt’s new steam engine was faster & more efficient, while using less fuel His steam engine led to Fulton’s steamboat, which could power ships up & down rivers The steamboat drastically improved water transportation & led to the building of canal systems (US, Britain) McAdam made roads easier to travel in rainy conditions (crushed rock over large stones)

How did the railroad industry begin? Trevithick’s steam-driven locomotive led to the railroad industry & improved travel/trade Stephenson built the world’s first railroad line in 1825 (27 miles long) By 1830, the Liverpool-Manchester Railway opened (connected port city to inland city) The Rocket (Stephenson) traveled at an unheard of speed of 24 mph

How did the railway industry revolutionize transportation? Rail lines were built to connect industrial cities to markets and provide cheap transportation Huge railroad lines created lots of jobs for workers, miners, & other industries Railroads allowed workers to take distant jobs that could pay more The railroads also contributed to a boost in agricultural & fishing industries (quicker transportation)

Early locomotive