PRS Slides for PowerPoint Chap 9 Motivation and Emotion Copyright © Pearson Education, 2009

Definitional and Application Slides 2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

3 A set of parents pay their child each time she cleans up her room (a task she doesn’t enjoy). What do you predict will happen in terms of her interest level on this task? 1.Intrinsic motivation is decreased after giving external reward for a task that is not very interesting. 2.Intrinsic motivation is increased after giving external reward for a task that is not very interesting. 3.The child will offer to clear her room voluntarily in the future. 4.The child will find cleaning her room more satisfying over time, but only if external reward is maintained. 5.The child will find cleaning her room more satisfying over time, even if external reward is not given. LO 9.1 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

4 A set of parents pay their child each time she cleans up her room (a task she doesn’t enjoy). What do you predict will happen in terms of her interest level on this task? 1.Intrinsic motivation is decreased after giving external reward for a task that is not very interesting. (p. 358) 2.Intrinsic motivation is increased after giving external reward for a task that is not very interesting. 3.The child will offer to clear her room voluntarily in the future. 4.The child will find cleaning her room more satisfying over time, but only if external reward is maintained. 5.The child will find cleaning her room more satisfying over time, even if external reward is not given. LO 9.1 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

5 Instinct theories of motivation are often criticized because: 1.They provide circular explanations of behavior (e.g., a person is aggressive because they have an aggressive instinct). 2.They do not take into account biological factors involved in motivation. 3.They were only used to account for motivation in animals. 4.They were limited in the types of motivations that they attempted to explain (e.g., sexual, aggressive). 5.They provide a parsimonious explanation of motivating factors behind a wide variety of behaviors. LO 9.1 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

6 Instinct theories of motivation are often criticized because: 1.They provide circular explanations of behavior (e.g., a person is aggressive because they have an aggressive instinct). (p. 359) 2.They do not take into account biological factors involved in motivation. 3.They were only used to account for motivation in animals. 4.They were limited in the types of motivations that they attempted to explain (e.g., sexual, aggressive). 5.They provide a parsimonious explanation of motivating factors behind a wide variety of behaviors. LO 9.1 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

7 According to drive reduction theory, ____________ is the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state, keeping body functions at a balanced level. 1.needs 2.primary drives 3.acquired drives 4.homeostasis 5.motivation LO 9.1 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

8 According to drive reduction theory, ____________ is the tendency of the body to maintain a steady state, keeping body functions at a balanced level. 1.needs 2.primary drives 3.acquired drives 4.homeostasis (p. 360) 5.motivation LO 9.1 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

9 A person who can get along best with others is likely to be high in what type of need? 1.Need for power 2.Need for affiliation 3.Need for achievement 4.Sensation seeking 5.Intrinsic motivation LO 9.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

10 A person who can get along best with others is likely to be high in what type of need? 1.Need for power 2.Need for affiliation (p. 361) 3.Need for achievement 4.Sensation seeking 5.Intrinsic motivation LO 9.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

11 According to Dweck, those who view intelligence with an external locus of control may believe or develop all of the following EXCEPT: 1.Development of learned helplessness 2.Avoid situations in which they might fail 3.Giving up easily due to past failures 4.Belief that intelligence can be altered by one’s own actions and efforts 5.Belief that intelligence is shaped almost entirely by the environment and can be changed LO 9.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

12 According to Dweck, those who view intelligence with an external locus of control may believe or develop all of the following EXCEPT: 1.Development of learned helplessness 2.Avoid situations in which they might fail 3.Giving up easily due to past failures 4.Belief that intelligence can be altered by one’s own actions and efforts 5.Belief that intelligence is shaped almost entirely by the environment and can be changed (p ) LO 9.2 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

13 According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which of the following conditions will produce optimal task performance? 1.High levels of arousal for difficult tasks 2.Low levels of arousal for easy tasks 3.Moderately high levels of arousal for easy tasks 4.Low levels of arousal for difficult tasks 5.The same moderate levels of arousal for both easy and difficult tasks LO 9.3 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

14 According to the Yerkes-Dodson law, which of the following conditions will produce optimal task performance? 1.High levels of arousal for difficult tasks 2.Low levels of arousal for easy tasks 3.Moderately high levels of arousal for easy tasks (p. 364) 4.Low levels of arousal for difficult tasks 5.The same moderate levels of arousal for both easy and difficult tasks LO 9.3 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

15 The order of needs on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is: 1.Safety, physiological, belongingness, cognitive, self- actualization, aesthetic 2.Belongingness, self-actualization, cognitive, safety, physiological, aesthetic, esteem 3.Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self- actualization, cognitive, aesthetic 4.Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization 5.Physiological, safety, esteem, cognitive, belongingness, aesthetic, self-actualization LO 9.4 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

16 The order of needs on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is: 1.Safety, physiological, belongingness, cognitive, self- actualization, aesthetic 2.Belongingness, self-actualization, cognitive, safety, physiological, aesthetic, esteem 3.Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self- actualization, cognitive, aesthetic 4.Physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, cognitive, aesthetic, self-actualization (p ) 5.Physiological, safety, esteem, cognitive, belongingness, aesthetic, self-actualization LO 9.4 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

17 One of the major needs according to Deci’s theory of self- determination is: 1.biological needs 2.the need to be in control of one’s behavior and goals (autonomy) 3.the need to feel independent (apart) from others 4.intelligence 5.free emotional expression LO 9.4 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

18 One of the major needs according to Deci’s theory of self- determination is: 1.biological needs 2.the need to be in control of one’s behavior and goals (autonomy) (p ) 3.the need to feel independent (apart) from others 4.intelligence 5.free emotional expression LO 9.4 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

19 The area of the brain that is responsible for initiating eating behavior, or stimulating feelings of hunger, is called: 1.Lateral hypothalamus 2.Hippocampus 3.Ventromedial hypothalamus 4.Frontal cortex 5.Medulla LO 9.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

20 The area of the brain that is responsible for initiating eating behavior, or stimulating feelings of hunger, is called: 1.Lateral hypothalamus (p. 371) 2.Hippocampus 3.Ventromedial hypothalamus 4.Frontal cortex 5.Medulla LO 9.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

21 Which of the following is true about the difference in eating behaviors among people from Japan and America? 1.There was a difference in eating behaviors between men from both cultures. 2.Japanese women were more likely to eat for emotional reasons. 3.Men and women from Japan were more likely to eat while watching TV or movies. 4.American women were more likely to eat for emotional reasons. 5.American women were more likely to eat due to social demands. LO 9.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

22 Which of the following is true about the difference in eating behaviors among people from Japan and America? 1.There was a difference in eating behaviors between men from both cultures. 2.Japanese women were more likely to eat for emotional reasons. 3.Men and women from Japan were more likely to eat while watching TV or movies. 4.American women were more likely to eat for emotional reasons. (p ) 5.American women were more likely to eat due to social demands. LO 9.5 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

23 _____________ is a factor known to play a key role in obesity and is involved in signaling to the body that enough food has been ingested. 1.Weight set point 2.Basal metabolic rate 3.Leptin 4.Insulin 5.Glucose LO 9.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

24 _____________ is a factor known to play a key role in obesity and is involved in signaling to the body that enough food has been ingested. 1.Weight set point 2.Basal metabolic rate 3.Leptin (p. 374) 4.Insulin 5.Glucose LO 9.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

25 All of the following are characteristics of a person suffering from anorexia nervosa EXCEPT: 1.It may be caused by a rejection of sexual maturity. 2.It is more characteristic of a person with a perfectionist attitude. 3.It involves cycles of binging and purging. 4.It can lead to irregular heart beat and abnormal hormone secretion. 5.It is often caused by a distorted sense of body image. LO 9.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

26 All of the following are characteristics of a person suffering from anorexia nervosa EXCEPT: 1.It may be caused by a rejection of sexual maturity. 2.It is more characteristic of a person with a perfectionist attitude. 3.It involves cycles of binging and purging. (p. 375) 4.It can lead to irregular heart beat and abnormal hormone secretion. 5.It is often caused by a distorted sense of body image. LO 9.6 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

27 A person experiences increased heart rate and respiration in response to seeing a snake and interprets these sympathetic nervous system responses as fear. What component of emotion does this best represent? 1.Behavioral 2.Physiological 3.Subjective 4.Biological 5.Objective LO 9.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

28 A person experiences increased heart rate and respiration in response to seeing a snake and interprets these sympathetic nervous system responses as fear. What component of emotion does this best represent? 1.Behavioral 2.Physiological 3.Subjective (p. 381) 4.Biological 5.Objective LO 9.7 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

29 The idea that the experience of emotion (e.g., sadness) and the bodily reactions associated with the emotion (e.g., lower body temperature) occur at the same time is predicted by which theory of emotion? 1.Facial feedback 2.James Lange 3.Cannon Bard 4.Cognitive arousal 5.Cognitive mediational LO 9.8 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

30 The idea that the experience of emotion (e.g., sadness) and the bodily reactions associated with the emotion (e.g., lower body temperature) occur at the same time is predicted by which theory of emotion? 1.Facial feedback 2.James Lange 3.Cannon Bard (p ) 4.Cognitive arousal 5.Cognitive mediational LO 9.8 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

31 Which theory predicts that a person can experience very different emotions (e.g., anger vs. happiness) from the same source of physiological arousal (e.g., a drug such as cocaine)? 1.Cannon Bard 2.James Lange 3.Facial feedback 4.Cognitive arousal 5.Cognitive mediational LO 9.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

32 Which theory predicts that a person can experience very different emotions (e.g., anger vs. happiness) from the same source of physiological arousal (e.g., a drug such as cocaine)? 1.Cannon Bard 2.James Lange 3.Facial feedback 4.Cognitive arousal (p ) 5.Cognitive mediational LO 9.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

33 The idea that we are angry because we frown would be predicted by which theory of emotion? 1.Facial feedback 2.Cognitive arousal 3.Cannon Bard 4.James Lange 5.Cognitive mediational LO 9.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

34 The idea that we are angry because we frown would be predicted by which theory of emotion? 1.Facial feedback (p ) 2.Cognitive arousal 3.Cannon Bard 4.James Lange 5.Cognitive mediational LO 9.9 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Critical Thinking & Student Opinion Slides 35 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Emotions and reason are opposites. True False 36 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Emotions and reason are opposites. True False 37 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Emotional expressions are similar in different cultures. True False 38 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Emotional expressions are similar in different cultures. True False 39 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? The polygraph test can detect lies. True False 40 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? The polygraph test can detect lies. True False 41 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? People who have good things happen to them are happier than others. True False 42 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? People who have good things happen to them are happier than others. True False 43 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Opposites attract in romantic relationships. True False 44 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

Which is correct? Opposites attract in romantic relationships. True False 45 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

What theory do you agree with? A.A bear walks up to you on a hiking trail. You first run away, and then you feel fear. B.A bear walks up to you on a hiking trail. You simultaneously feel fear and run away at the same time. C.A bear walks up to you on a hiking trail. You first feel physiological arousal (i.e., emotion), and then you figure out the source of the arousal (a bear!), and feel fear and run away. 46 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education

What theory do you agree with? A.You first run away, and then you feel fear. James-Lange theory of emotion B. You simultaneously feel fear and run away at the same time. Cannon-Bard theory of emotion C.You first feel physiological arousal (i.e., emotion), and then you figure out the source of the arousal (a bear!), and feel fear and run away. Schacter-Singer Two-factor theory of emotion 47 Copyright © 2009, Pearson Education