1. Biological and Social Motives

2. Biological Motives
A. Some of our behavior is determined by the internal, or physiological, state of the organism
Critical to our survival and well being
Homeostasis-tendency to correct imbalances and deviations from their normal state
B. Hunger
Body requires food to grow
Lateral hypothalamus- produces hunger signals
Ventromedial hypothalamus-causes one to stop eating

3. Social Motives Learned from interactions with other people
A. Need for Achievement
Desire to set challenging goals and to persist in trying to reach those goals despite obstacles, frustrations, and setbacks
B. Fear of Failure
Choose easy or non-challenging tasks where failure is unlikely

4. Social Motives (Cont.) C. Fear of Success
Motive to avoid success
D. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow
All human beings need to feel competent, win approval and recognition, and to sense that they have achieved something
Draw Hierarchy in notebook

5. Maslow’s Hierarchy Three Categories of needs
Fundamental Needs- biological drives that must be satisfied to maintain life
Psychological Needs- urge to belong and to give and receive love, and urge to acquire esteem
Self Actualization Needs- to fulfill one’s unique potential

7. Section 3-Emotions
Emotion- set of complex reactions to stimuli involving subjective feelings, physiological arousal and observable behavior
Emotional Intelligence-ability to perceive, imagine, and understand emotions and to use that information in decision making

8. Three parts to emotions: 1. physical, 2. behavioral, 3. cognitive
Charles Darwin- The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872)
All people express basic feelings the same way

9. Physiological Theories
A. The James Lange Theory (William James, Carl Lange)
Emotion is gut reaction to things taking place around us, internal bodily changes.
B. The Cannon-Bard Theory (Walter Cannon, Philip Bard)
Certain experiences activate Thalamus, sends message to other organs
2 reactions (arousal and experience of emotion)

10. Cognitive Theories The Schacter-Singer Experiment Read p. 333-334
Internal components of emotion affect a person differently depending on their interpretation or perception of social situation

11. Cognitive Theories Opponent-Process Theory
Homeostatic theory of emotional reactions
Based on classical conditioning
Removal of a stimulus that excites one emotion causes a swing in the opposite emotion
Ex-Girlfriend vs. wife

12. What emotions are harder to convey than others?
Are there consistent differences in interpretations between individuals
How important is the Social context in perceiving other people’s emotions?

13. Assignment
P. 336 Questions 1-4
P. 339 Reviewing Vocabulary 1-10