1. Motivation and Emotion
Theories of Motivation
Biological and Social Motives
Emotions

2. What are the three greatest motivators in your life?
Cognitive Moment

3. Teaching for the Day My Thoughts on Motivation (15-20 minutes)
Pursuit of Happyness (10-15 minutes)
Project Ideas (5-10 minutes)
Teaching for the Day

4. Objectives Describe four theories of motivation.
Discuss the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Objectives

5. Motivation to Climb a Mountain
Follow along to see how one man was motivated enough to climb a mountain that seemed nearly impossible to accomplish.
Motivation to Climb a Mountain

6. Refers to the physiological and psychological factors that cause us to act a specific way at a specific time.
What is motivation?

7. Three Characteristics
Energized to engage in some activity
Direct energies toward reaching a goal
Differing intensity of feelings about reaching the goal
Three Characteristics

8. How are these characteristics seen in the story?
Performing an equivalent of 5,000 pull ups (energized)
Climbing the dangerous slope while handicapped (directing energy)
Persisted even when exhausted (intensity)
How are these characteristics seen in the story?

9. Instinct Theory Motivated by instincts
Examples: flight, repulsion, curiosity
Only labels motivation, does not explain it!
Fixed action pattern = biological force
Instinct Theory

10. Drive-Reduction Theory
Focus on biological factors
Need
Drive
Homeostasis
Ex: having dessert after dinner
Drive-Reduction Theory

11. Incentive Theory External environmental factors
Grades, money, praise
Pulling us to obtain rather than pushing to reduce
Incentive Theory

12. Cognitive Theory Extrinsic = obtain external incentives
Intrinsic = personally rewarding, fulfill beliefs
Cognitive Theory

13. Watching the movie “Pursuit of Happyness” determine how the following theories can be seen in the main characters behavior:
Instinct
Drive-Reduction
Incentive
Cognitive
Which theory best explains why he is motivated?
Review

14. Motivation and Emotion
Theories of Motivation
Biological and Social Motives
Emotions

15. How do your needs – both fulfilled and unfulfilled – affect your thoughts and behavior?
Bell Ringer

16. Objectives Describe the biological and social needs of humans.
Explain Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Objectives

17. Biological Motives Glucostatic theory Psychosocial hunger factors
Monitors energy in blood
High levels of leptin signals the brain to reduce appetite
Ghrelin stimulates appetite
Psychosocial hunger factors
Appearance of food, social pressures, boredom
Biological Motives

18. Cultural Motives: Hunger
Culture allows us to regulate eating times
Americans – 3 meals a day (7, 12, 6)
Europeans – 3 meals a day (8, 2, 9)
Presents the idea that hunger is a product of biological and environmental factors
Cultural Motives: Hunger

19. Eating Disorders and Obesity
Anorexia Nervosa
Consistently worry about gaining weight
Distorted view of their body
Bulimia Nervosa
Binge eating and purging
Upper and middle class typically suffer from these disorders
Psychologist find it difficult to treat
Eating Disorders and Obesity

20. Obesity Most pressing health issue Increase by more than 50%
Black women, children
Inheritance and a sedentary lifestyle lead to obesity
BMI is used to indicate health status
Obesity

21. Sex – Survival of the Species
Turned on/off by biological conditions, environmental cues
Social experience
Sexual experience
Nutrition
Emotions
Age
Not controlled by hormones, but by choice
Sex – Survival of the Species

22. Other Motives (287-293) Exploration and Curiosity
Manipulation and Contact
Aggression
Achievement
Affiliation
Other Motives ( )

23. Social Motives Learned from interaction
Fear of failure – choosing easy tasks or choosing impossible tasks
Easier to maintain a good self-image
Social Motives

24. Fear of Success/Failure/Expectancy-Value/Competancy
Other Motivations
Fear of Success/Failure/Expectancy-Value/Competancy

25. Bell Ringer Review other motives that were chosen yesterday.
Choose a puzzle that you would complete and come up with an explanation as to why.
Then choose which bucket you would throw the ball in to get extra credit. Come up with an explanation as to why you chose that bucket.
Bell Ringer

26. Social Motives Fear of Success Expectancy-Value Competency
Expecting it can make people avoid it
Expectancy-Value
Likelihood of success and how much it is worth to you
Competency
Success and failure can be instructive
Social Motives

27. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Fundamental Needs
Need for safety and security
Psychological Needs
Need to belong, receive love
Self-Actualization
Pursuit of knowledge and beauty
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

28. What describes you best?
Need for Achievement
Fear of Failure
Fear of Success
Expectancy-Value Theory
Competency Theory
What describes you best?

29. What is your hierarchy of needs?
Come up with a unique way to display your hierarchy of needs, starting from the bottom moving your way up to the top. In no way does it have to follow Maslow’s structure.
This can be as immaculate or as simple as you wish.
What is your hierarchy of needs?

30. Motivation and Emotion
Theories of Motivation
Biological and Social Motives
Emotions

31. Have volunteers present facial expressions that can range from anger, disgust, happy, sad, excited, disappointed, annoyed, surprised.
Go through 4 different rounds to see if the students can determine the facial expression the students are trying to display.
Do you think that facial expressions are universal?
Bell Ringer

32. Objectives Give examples of the physiological theories of emotion.
Explain the cognitive theorists approach to the study of emotion.
Objectives

33. Emotional intelligence = ability to perceive, imagine and understand emotions – use in decision making
Result from…
Interpreting stimulus, subjective feeling, responses or observable behavior
Emotion

34. Emotion
Three parts
Physical directs body to respond
Behavioral is outward
Cognitive interpret situation
Facial expressions are innate, born with capacity to be emotional
How do we know???

35. Watch episode 1 of season 1 of the television show Lie to Me to observe how facial expressions are culturally universal.
Lie to Me

36. Emotional Expressions
Do not overanalyze the pictures, base your decisions on the emotional content of the face.
Label as one of the following:
Surprise
Anger
Fear
Disgust
Happiness
Sadness
Emotional Expressions

37. Physiological Theories
James-Lange Theory
Use emotion to describe gut reactions
Cannon-Bard Theory
Once thalamus is triggered, we experience expression and emotion
Physiological Theories

38. Cognitive Theories Schachter-Singer Experiment Opponent-Process Theory
Take environmental cues to create emotion (perception)
Opponent-Process Theory
Removal of a stimulus causes a swing to an opposite emotion
Cognitive Theories