The Decline of the Church

Church Power Peaks in 1200s Peaks in 1200s What happens to weaken its power? What happens to weaken its power?

Secular Monarchs and the Papacy Universal vs. Royal authority Universal vs. Royal authority Boniface VIII and the Unam Sanctam (1302) Boniface VIII and the Unam Sanctam (1302) The Church is supreme The Church is supreme Resulted from Philip IV’s attempts to tax the clergy Resulted from Philip IV’s attempts to tax the clergy How is this different than Henry IV of Germany and Pope Gregory VII? How is this different than Henry IV of Germany and Pope Gregory VII?

The Papacy at Avignon ( ) Election of a French pope – Clement V Election of a French pope – Clement V Moved to Avignon (72 years) Moved to Avignon (72 years) Babylonian Captivity Babylonian Captivity Problem Problem Successor to Peter Successor to Peter bishop of Rome Influence of France Influence of France

Great Schism ( ) Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome dies Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome dies Italians threaten (French) cardinals Italians threaten (French) cardinals Pope Urban VI Pope Urban VI Later denounce their “choice” Later denounce their “choice” Chose Clement VII Chose Clement VII Divides Europe Divides Europe Two attempts to end the schism Two attempts to end the schism

Counciliarism Marsiglio of Padua – Defender of Peace Marsiglio of Padua – Defender of Peace Church should confine itself to spiritual matters Church should confine itself to spiritual matters Clergy act on behalf of all Christians Clergy act on behalf of all Christians Final authority resides with a general council, not the pope Final authority resides with a general council, not the pope Council of Pisa – 1409 Council of Pisa – 1409 Pope Alexander V Pope Alexander V 3 popes! 3 popes!

Mysticism and Lay Piety Church became a little less necessary in salvation Church became a little less necessary in salvation Good works or “mechanical” path to heaven Good works or “mechanical” path to heaven Growth of indulgences Growth of indulgences Didn’t always need the Church and clergy Didn’t always need the Church and clergy Mysticism – immediate experience of oneness with God Mysticism – immediate experience of oneness with God Lay piety – people who did not take vows Lay piety – people who did not take vows Modern Devotion/Brothers of a Common Life – Modern Devotion/Brothers of a Common Life – imitate Jesus imitate Jesus No vows No vows Christianity vs. the Institutional Church Christianity vs. the Institutional Church

Summing It Up The decline of the Church The decline of the Church Pope at Avignon Pope at Avignon Appointment of so many French cardinals Appointment of so many French cardinals Great Schism Great Schism “Splendid” living “Splendid” living Path to salvation apart from the clergy Path to salvation apart from the clergy

Cultural World of the 1300s Vernacular literature Vernacular literature Art Art Improvements in cities Improvements in cities Education for Children Education for Children Clocks Clocks Paper Paper Changes in medical care Changes in medical care