1. The Avignon Papacy and the Great Schism

2. Question: Why did people in the Middle Ages and Renaissance have such a deep faith in the Church? Comfort and Reassurance Needed salvation and sacraments to go to heaven

3. Temporal (Earthly) Authority of Church Weakened Influence of strong monarchs and national governments Influence of strong monarchs and national governments Boniface VIII battled French Philip the Fair Boniface VIII battled French Philip the Fair King wants to tax the French clergy King wants to tax the French clergy

4. Papal Bulls (bulla or decrees) Clericos Laicos 1296: Clergy were not to pay any tax to a lay ruler Clericos Laicos 1296: Clergy were not to pay any tax to a lay ruler Unam Sanctam 1302: Pope was the supreme authority-even over kings Unam Sanctam 1302: Pope was the supreme authority-even over kings Phillip invaded Italy and tried to take Boniface VIII prisoner for ransom. Phillip invaded Italy and tried to take Boniface VIII prisoner for ransom. Pope dies of humiliation & stress Pope dies of humiliation & stress

5. Babylonian Captivity 1309-77 1305: French bishop elected Pope 1305: French bishop elected Pope Clement V: leaves Rome and moves papacy to Avignon Clement V: leaves Rome and moves papacy to Avignon Technically a papal controlled city-state, seen as a puppet of The French Monarch Technically a papal controlled city-state, seen as a puppet of The French Monarch

6. Pope Built Papal “Palace”

7. St. Peter’s in Rome

8. Financial Corruption Grew Traditional tithe for upkeep of local churches now a tax Traditional tithe for upkeep of local churches now a tax Church officials pay annates (first year income) to pope Church officials pay annates (first year income) to pope All fees from a vacant position in church went to pope All fees from a vacant position in church went to pope Simony (selling of church offices) reintroduced Simony (selling of church offices) reintroduced Building a bureaucracy to collect revenues for the pope Building a bureaucracy to collect revenues for the pope

9. How do you think the people saw this change in the role of the church? Popes are viewed as corrupted by worldly power Neglecting their spiritual duties

10. John Wycliffe John Wycliffe Wycliffe was an Oxford Theologian Wycliffe was an Oxford Theologian Advocated the rights of kings against the popes/clergy Advocated the rights of kings against the popes/clergy Church = Spiritual / King = Temporal Church = Spiritual / King = Temporal Followers called Lollards and preached in the vernacular, favored reforms Followers called Lollards and preached in the vernacular, favored reforms Donatism- efficacy of rituals depended upon the personal worthiness of the clergy Donatism- efficacy of rituals depended upon the personal worthiness of the clergy

11. Jan Huss Rector of University of Prague Rector of University of Prague Inspired by Wycliffe of Oxford Inspired by Wycliffe of Oxford Denied the Miracle of Transubtantiantion Denied the Miracle of Transubtantiantion Concurred with Donatism Concurred with Donatism Burned at the stake by the Council of Constance in 1414 Burned at the stake by the Council of Constance in 1414 Later militant Hussites (Taborites) won concessions from the Council of Basel Later militant Hussites (Taborites) won concessions from the Council of Basel

12. Return to Rome: 1377 Gregory XI moves the papal residence back to Rome- dies Gregory XI moves the papal residence back to Rome- dies Roman mobs force the election of an Italian pope- Urban VI Roman mobs force the election of an Italian pope- Urban VI French cardinals escape to Avignon and elect an alternative pope French cardinals escape to Avignon and elect an alternative pope Both Popes excommunicate each other Both Popes excommunicate each other

13. Great Schism 1378-1437 TWO popes have different allies TWO popes have different allies Roman Pope vs. Avignon Pope Roman Pope vs. Avignon Pope Council of Pisa: Asks popes to resign and elects its own pope Council of Pisa: Asks popes to resign and elects its own pope THREE popes!!! THREE popes!!! Council of Constance 1414: Gets rid of all three and elects Martin V Council of Constance 1414: Gets rid of all three and elects Martin V

14. Conciliar Movement Theory- Church Councils are superior to the Pope Theory- Church Councils are superior to the Pope Councils Pisa, Constance & Basel sought to end the Great Schism and clarify doctrine Councils Pisa, Constance & Basel sought to end the Great Schism and clarify doctrine

15. How does all of this damage the reputation of the Church? Laity is upset w/ excess & conflict Papacy disgraced as an institution Church is ripe for REFORMATION