The Civil War Union: President – Abe Lincoln Generals – Grant, McClellan, Sherman Confederacy: President – Jefferson Davis Generals – Lee, Jackson

Secession: 1860  Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16 th president  Soon after, South Carolina seceded from the Union  Six others followed: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and TEXAS  Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware and Maryland had slavery, but stayed in the United States

Secession  Soon, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia joined the Confederate States of America

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First Shots: Ft. Sumter  On April 12, the Rebel, or Confederate, troops fired the first shots on Yankee, or Union, troops stationed at Fort Sumter, South Carolina  The Civil War had begun!  Over the next four years, 600,000 Americans would die

Their Names  Name the 3 names for the South army: –Confederacy –Rebel –South  Name the 3 names for the North army: –Union –Yankees –North

Advantages Union AdvantagesConfederate Advantages Population = More Soldiers Better General More SuppliesBetter Knowledge of the Land Inspired by the loss of men Inspired to win War did not take place at their home

First Manassas/First Bull Run  July 21, 1861: The First Battle of Bull Run (Union name) or First Manassas (Southern name), fought just outside Washington D.C.  Northerners took picnic lunches to a hill overlooking the battlefield, thinking the Union would win very quickly  Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson led Confederate soldiers to drive back the Union troops and claimed victory

First Manassas  The Confederate troops could have kept on and captured Washington D.C., but they stopped to celebrate the victory

The Anaconda Plan: The Union’s plan for winning the war 1. Blockade Southern Ports: cut off trade of cotton and delivery of supplies 2. Control the Mississippi River: this would cut the Confederacy in two (Texas and Louisiana would be cut off from everyone) 3. Capture the capital of Richmond, VA: and force the government to surrender 4. Squeeze and trap the Confederate army from the West and the North (see map)

Anaconda Plan to take over Confederacy 

Battle of Antietam (Maryland)  Sept. 17, 1861, Confederate General Robert E. Lee wanted to cut off Washington D.C. from the rest of the Union  This was one of only 2 battles fought in North, and the bloodiest one day battle on the war  Neither side won, but Lee had to retreat to protect his supply lines down south

Predict….  What are your predictions for the following? Explain. –What will happen to/in the North? –What will happen to/in the South? –How will this war effect the economic/social/political/environmental future of the United States?

Emancipation Proclamation  Early in 1863, in the middle of fighting, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation  This document freed the slaves  in the Confederacy

Turning Point: Vicksburg  Vicksburg, Mississippi was the major point in controlling the Mississippi River, very important for the Confederacy  May 22, 1863: Union’s Gen. Grant laid siege to the city for months, but the Confederates wouldn’t give up  The Rebel army were starving and forced to eat rats, and melted down everything to make bullets and cannonballs  July 4, 1863: Confederates surrendered, and the Union controlled the Mississippi

The Confederate’s Alamo  Just like the Battle of the Alamo, the army at Vicksburg held off a bigger army, this time for more than a month

Turning Point: Gettysburg  While Vicksburg was falling, Gen. Robert E. Lee wanted to attack the North in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania  Lee sent wave after wave of soldiers at the Union, but kept getting shot down  52,000 men were killed over 3 days  “The beginning of the end” for the Confederacy: they lost their best and brightest in Vicksburg and Gettysburg, and would never again attack the North

The fall of Atlanta  While fighting was going on in Virginia, Union general William T. Sherman marched through the state of Georgia and took over the biggest Confederate city, Atlanta 

Richmond, VA vs. Washington D.C.  In 1864, Union’s Grant and Confederate’s Lee fought fiercely, mostly in the 90 miles between these two capital cities  After a year long siege of Virginia, Grant captured and burned Confederate capital of Richmond, VA (March, 1865)  The Rebels had little chance of winning: –They were running out of food, weapons, ammunition, and medicine for the wounded

Appomattox Courthouse: END!  After Richmond, VA fell, Robert E. Lee and his soldiers fled to the mountains  On April 9, 1865, at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia, General Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant

Lincoln Assassinated  During the war there were many attempts on his life  On April 15 th, 1865*, while he was at a play, John Wilkes Booth was finally successful

Last “Battle” of the Civil War  The last battle of the Civil War was fought at Palmito Ranch, Texas on May 12, 1865  This was one month after Lee surrendered at Appomattox and the war ended  Confederates won!  But it didn’t count

Reflection  What was Lincoln’s role throughout the war? Be specific.  Give examples of how each side suffered economically and socially.  What should the United States do to recover from this war?