1. The War Begins:

2. Causes of the Civil War
Difference in the North & South ideals of society (industrial v. plantation)
Sectionalism (divided the country)
States’ rights v. Nationalism
Slavery (debate on whether slavery would be allowed in the Western territories)
Other issues (Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Dred Scott Case, John Brown’s Raid, Election of 1860)

3. The South Secedes
After the election of 1860, South Carolina follows through on its promise and secedes from the Union on December 20, 1860 (followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas)
Formed the Confederate States of America and elected Jefferson Davis as their president
Emphasized states’ rights w/limited government
Wanted to restore the Union to what it had been prior to the rise of the Republican party
Congress suggests a compromise which would extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific, Lincoln ultimately rejects this plan

4. Fort Sumter and the Start of the War
President Lincoln faced the difficult decision of attempting to send much-needed supplies to Fort Sumter (located in South Carolina) or surrender it to the Confederacy
Supplies were dispatched to the Fort; prior to their arrival South Carolina opens fire on the fort. Lincoln responds by calling out the militia
Several more states secede from the Union including Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri will remain in the Union)

5. Union (Blue) Confederacy (Gray) President Abraham Lincoln
NORTH VS SOUTH
Union (Blue)
President Abraham Lincoln
Capital: Washington, D.C.
Had many economic advantages
Large population who supported the war effort
Confederacy (Gray)
President Jefferson Davis
Capital: Richmond, VA
Had many experienced military leaders (many who had resigned from the U.S. army)
Great military tradition

6. Resources of the North & South

7. Resources continued

8. The North’s War Strategy
Anaconda Plan - offered by General Winfield Scott which was to establish a blockade of southern ports as well as the central river systems (Ohio & Mississippi)
Isolate the south so they would run out of supplies (War of Attrition)
Capture Richmond
Eventually free the slaves
Ulysses S. Grant chosen as leader of Union forces

10. The South’s War Strategy
Planned for a War of Attrition hoping to force the North to expend its resources
Had to go on the offensive as the war was fought primarily in the South which led to great battle losses
Use of highly trained military leaders
Planned to capture Washington DC & defend Richmond
Robert E. Lee was chosen as the leader of the Confederate Army

12. Key Battles of the War Battle of Shiloh Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Bull Run
(July 1861)
South defeats the North & forces them to retreat to DC
Battle of New Orleans
(April 1862)
Union defeats the South and captures New Orleans
Battle of Shiloh
Union defeats the South as Grant captures control of the Tennessee river and several forts
Battle of Antietam
(September 1862)
Considered the bloodiest of battles (lasted 1 day); a draw; 17,000 wounded
Battle of Gettysburg
(July 1863)
North defeats the South, stops Lee from moving into DC, the turn in the tide of the war

13. African Americans in the War
200,000 apprx. Blacks served in the Union in the war
Blacks also served for the South with the hope of becoming free in the process

14. Lincoln & the War
As the war dragged on, Lincoln’s response to spur the North on & to inflict damage to the South was to issue the Emancipation Proclamation on Sept. 22, 1862
Offered the South 100 days to surrender
On Jan 1, 1863, the proclamation went into effect & freed slave in the Confederate states
As a result large numbers of slaves fled North which in turn hurt the Confederate war effort with a loss of labor
Lincoln also issued the Gettysburg Address on Nov. 19, 1863

15. The War Ends Lee surrenders to Grant
Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865
President Lincoln is reelected in the election of 1864 beating the Democratic nominee General George McClellan
Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865
About 618,000 men died in the war, about 4,000,000 slaves were freed , & the South lay in ruins and economic despair
Lee surrenders to Grant