World War I

Nationalism_in_Europe 2:23 Nationalism in Europe

Deep attachments to one’s own nation helped unify the people and helped create competition Nationalism

Building_Global_Empires_and_Military_Alliances 1:46 Building Global Empires and Military Alliances

Nations seeking economic growth and expansion Establish and expand global empires Imperialism

Build-up of military forces among nations Strong military competition Militarism

Hardening of alliance systems Triple Alliance— Triple Entente— Russia was traditionally Serbia’s protector Alliances

1014_Austria_Hungary_Declares_War_Against_Serbia 1:25 Austria-Hungary Declares War

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo by Serbian Black Hand member, Gavrilo Princip Assassination

Austria issued ultimatum to Serbia; Serbia partially agreed July 25 Summer of 1914 Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 28 Austria declared war on Serbia July 28

Russia mobilized to help Serbia July 30 Germany pledged to support Austria Germany declared war on Russia Aug 1 France allied with Russia

Germany invaded Belgium Aug 3 Germany declared war on France Aug 3 Britain declared war on Germany Aug 4 World War I Begins………..

Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire

Allied Powers Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium, US, Japan, Montenegro, Italy

The Battles Begin  Schlieffen Plan—Germany’s war plan drawn up in 1905 drawn up in 1905 called for invasion of neutral Belgium called for invasion of neutral Belgium assumed Russia would be slow to mobilize assumed Russia would be slow to mobilize allow for quick defeat of French allow for quick defeat of French

Realities_of_War_the_Trenches_Weapons_and_Death 3:34 Realities of War – Trenches, Weapons, and Death

Modern War  Submarine warfare Use to get around blockades and attack enemy shipping Use to get around blockades and attack enemy shipping  Rapid fire machine guns Led to trench warfare Led to trench warfare  Trench warfare 500 miles of ditches for protection 500 miles of ditches for protection  Tanks Designed to break through barbed wire Designed to break through barbed wire  Airplanes Primary function—to observe enemy activities Primary function—to observe enemy activities  Poison gas Introduced by Germans to help break stalemates Introduced by Germans to help break stalemates

America_Joins_the_Ranks 4:17 America Joins the Ranks

U.S. Becomes Involved  US declared neutrality in beginning  Money loaned to warring nations  Sinking of Lusitania  German unrestricted submarine warfare  Zimmerman Telegram  Germany sinks 4 US merchant ships April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for war declaration April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for war declaration April 6, 1917 US declares war on Germany April 6, 1917 US declares war on Germany

Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman Telegram Sinking of 4 US merchant ships US declares war on Germany April 6, 1917 US entry into World War I

Web of War Serbia Austria- Hungary Germany Russia France Treaty Declared war on Treaty Declared war on

France Germany United States Great Britain Italy Declared war on Treaty Declared war on Belgium Japan Declared war on invades Treaty Military agreement Australia Canada India New Zealand Union of S.Africa Colonial Territories Allied after start of war

1918_America_Arrives_Just_in_Time 2:00 Americans Arrive Just in Time

 1917 Russia pulls out Closing Eastern frontClosing Eastern front American troops arriveAmerican troops arrive  1918 Allies push Germans back to border of Germany Allies push Germans back to border of Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates Germany surrenders Germany surrenders War ends 11 th Hour of 11 th Day of 11 th Month 1918 War ends 11 th Hour of 11 th Day of 11 th Month 1918

Peace_Diplomacy_and_Reparation 6:50 Peace, Diplomacy, and Reparation

Treaty of Versailles  Wilson’s Fourteen Points Plan for peace after war Plan for peace after war League of Nations League of Nations General association of nationsGeneral association of nations Help preserve peace Help preserve peace Help prevent future wars Help prevent future wars  Congress never signed Treaty of Versailles US never member of League of Nations US never member of League of Nations

 Germany’s punishment Accept blame for causing war Accept blame for causing war Article 231 “War Guilt Clause”Article 231 “War Guilt Clause” Reduce military Reduce military Army reduced to 100,000 troopsArmy reduced to 100,000 troops Navy cut back dramatically – 15,000 men, 6 battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers, no submarinesNavy cut back dramatically – 15,000 men, 6 battleships, 6 cruisers, 12 destroyers, no submarines Air Force eliminatedAir Force eliminated Pay war reparations Pay war reparations Germany was expected to pay the Allied forces the equivalent of $30 billion US dollarsGermany was expected to pay the Allied forces the equivalent of $30 billion US dollars

The End

Effects of WWI on US  Developments in War War-torn economies of Europe War-torn economies of Europe Russian Revolution Russian Revolution Industrial demand of wartime Industrial demand of wartime Sacrifices of wartime; disappointment with Versailles Peace Treaty Sacrifices of wartime; disappointment with Versailles Peace Treaty  Effects on US Boom in US economy; emergence of US as world industrial leader “Red Scare” in postwar US; suspicion of immigrants Internal migration in US, especially African Americans to Northern cities Failure to join League of Nations

Credits: Presentation Author—Billie Jameson  Textbook: The American Republic Since 1877, Glencoe McGraw-Hill  Video clips listed by slide # with name and run time of segment American in the 20 th Century: World War I: The War in Europe. United Learning Unitedstreaming. 1 October American in the 20 th Century: World War I: The War in Europe. United Learning Unitedstreaming. 1 October #2 Nationalism_in_Europe 2:23#2 Nationalism_in_Europe 2:23 #4 Building_Global_Empires_and_Military_Alliances 1:46#4 Building_Global_Empires_and_Military_Alliances 1:46 # _Austria_Hungary_Declares_War_Against_Serbia 1:25# _Austria_Hungary_Declares_War_Against_Serbia 1:25 #21 Realities_of_War_The_Trenches_Weapons_and_Death 3:34#21 Realities_of_War_The_Trenches_Weapons_and_Death 3:34 #23 America_Joins_the_Ranks 4:17#23 America_Joins_the_Ranks 4:17 #28 Raising_Money_Conservation_and_Government_Controls 2:20#28 Raising_Money_Conservation_and_Government_Controls 2:20 #32 Committee_on_Public_Information 1:52#32 Committee_on_Public_Information 1:52 # _America_Arrives_Just_in_Time 2:00# _America_Arrives_Just_in_Time 2:00 American in the 20 th Century: World War I: On the Homefront. United Learning Unitedstreaming. 1 October American in the 20 th Century: World War I: On the Homefront. United Learning Unitedstreaming. 1 October #34 Fear_on_the_Homefront_The_Espionage_and_Sedition_Acts 5:19#34 Fear_on_the_Homefront_The_Espionage_and_Sedition_Acts 5:19 #37 Peace_Diplomacy_and_Reparations#37 Peace_Diplomacy_and_Reparations