1. World War I : The war to end all wars

2. Alliances The Triple Alliance (THEM) Germany Austria-Hungary
Italy (early on)
The Ottoman Empire joins later
The Triple Entente (US)
Great Britain
France
Russia
The U.S. joins later and Italy changes sides
The alliance system works as long as everyone acts rationally

3. Alliances –
Who’s who??

4. Setting the Stage for War
Causes:
Nationalism extreme patriotism
Imperialism competition for resources to feed growing economies
Militarism glorification of armed strength When nations become so strong technologically, you can’t wait when war comes. You have to be ready to hit them before they hit you (mobilization)

5. The Balkan “Powder Keg” (The trigger)
Serbia is a Slavic nation with close ties to Russia
Serbia wants to annex Bosnia (controlled by Austria-Hungary)
Germany and Austria-Hungary oppose Russian (Slavic) expansion
The Balkans 1914

6. One man, one bullet, World War
A Serb nationalist shoots the heir to the Austrian throne.
Austria gives Serbia an ultimatum
Serbia agrees to 3 of the 4 Austrian demands
The assassination of
Franz Ferdinand

7. The Alliance System Fails (don’t write all of this)
Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and sent troops to their border.
Russia, allied with Serbia, sends troops to the border with Austria-Hungary and its border with Germany
Germany allied with Austria-Hungary is obligated to send troops to help Austria-Hungary
Germany knows France is obligated to help Russia, so they decide to attack France before France attacks them…

8. Needed for War Men Steel Weapons Equipment Food Economic systems
Support: Homefront and warfront

9. Total War Begins Destroy the entire nation if possible Weapons
Poison Gas
Land Mines
U-Boats

10. Total War Weapons (continued) Hand Grenades Barbed Wire fences
Flame throwers
Machine guns

11. Strategy
Trench Warfare

12. World War I: An Industrial War
Warfare isn’t about men fighting men anymore, it’s about men fighting machines. Where do you get enough men? You draft them.

13. An Industrial War
RailRoads Hot Air Balloons
Telegraphs/Radio Aircraft

14. Propaganda
Propaganda is the use of selected bits of information that is intended to stir up hatred of the enemy and patriotism in your country.

15. The Early War World War I becomes a war of attrition
The War in the West
The Germans drive to within 40 miles of Paris then stall
They don’t have the strength to overwhelm the French defense so they dig trenches
The War in the East
The Russians attack the Germans to relieve pressure on the French
The Russians lack modern equipment so their attack stalls
World War I becomes a war of attrition

16. Battle Fronts

17. The U.S. in World War I The U.S. has a long tradition of isolationism
The U.S. does business with both sides, and stays neutral until:
Germany begins unrestricted submarine warfare
The Zimmerman note supposedly proposes an alliance between Germany and Mexico

18. The Tide Turns
By mid 1917, both sides are exhausted
Wilson proposes the Fourteen Points: a postwar plan for the peace
Germany attempts one more time to win before American troops arrive in force but fails
U.S. Troops arrive in France

19. Military Casualties in World War I 1914-1918
Belgium 45,550
British Empire 942,135
France 1,368,000
Greece 23,098
Italy 680,000
Japan 1,344
Montenegro 3,000
Portugal 8,145
Romania 300,000
Russia 1,700,000
Serbia 45,000
United States 116,516
Austria-Hungary 1,200,000
Bulgaria 87,495
Germany 1,935,000
Ottoman Empire 725,000

20. Peace
On November11th 1918, at 11am, the fighting stopped with the signing of the armistice (this is not a peace treaty)
The Kaiser goes into exile as demanded by President Wilson
Great Britain and France wanted to punish Germany by taking territory and making Germany pay reparations
The Unites States wanted to reconcile Germany and the rest of Europe

21. Treaty of Versailles Finally decide on terms of treaty
Worldwide Depression
German Punishments
European Powers