1. WHII: SOL 10 a, b World War I

2. Causes of World War I Tangle of Alliances that divided Europe into competing camps Nationalistic feelings Diplomatic failures Imperialism Competition over colonies Militarism

3. Mnemonic Device M–Militarism A–Alliances divided Europe into competing camps N–Nationalistic feelings (desire for war) I–Imperialism A–Alliances caused diplomatic failures C–Competition over colonies in Africa/Asia S–Serbian assassination of Archduke Ferdinand

5. Causes of World War I-Alliances (Central Powers) – Germany-July 1914 – Austria-Hungary – (Ottoman Empire-Oct. 1914) – (Bulgaria)1915 (Allies) – Britain-August 1914 – France-July 1914 – Russia (exits in January 1918) – Italy (1915) – United States -1917 – (Serbia)-July 1914 – (Montenegro)1914 – (Romania)1915

7. Tangle of Alliances Serbian nationalist assassinates Austrian Archduke Austria declares war on Serbia Germany commits to Austria and urges war/harsh measures Serbia turned to Russia (champion of Slavic nations) Germany declares war on Russia Russia turned to France Germany declares war on France Germany invades Belgium(neutral) to attack France Britain and Belgium declare war on Germany

9. Major events Assassination of Austria’s Archduke Ferdinand – Serbian Nationalist Gavrilo Princip – June 28, 1914 shot Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife – July 28, 1914 Austria declares war on Serbia United States enters the war – 1917 Sinking of the Lusitania – 1917 Zimmermann Telegraph Russia leaves the war – 1918, after 1917 Revolution (Vladimir Lenin)

11. Major leaders Woodrow Wilson (U.S. president) – Fourteen Points (peace without victory) – League of Nations (U.S. did not join) David Lloyd George (GB minister) Georges Clemenceau (France minister) – Wants to punish/weaken Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II (German Emperor)

12. Important People Archduke Franz Ferdinand Tsar Nicolas II Vladimir Lenin How did each of these people affect the war? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7kp3vf1 uKA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7kp3vf1 uKA

14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjlGoe1 mnw0 (Part II) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gjlGoe1 mnw0

15. New Warfare Trench Warfare Poison Gas Tanks Airplanes Submarines Barbed wire Machine guns Hand Grenades

21. Outcomes and global effect Colonies’ participation in the war, which increased demands for independence End of the Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German, and Austro-Hungarian empires Enormous cost of the war in lives, property, and social disruption Mandate system creates bad feelings between Europe and Africa, Asia, the Middle East

23. Treaty of Versailles Forced Germany to accept responsibility for war and loss of territory and to pay reparations Limited the size of the German military League of Nations- international organization – Negotiate disputes rather than resort to war – Take common action against any aggressor – Over 40 nations joined (Not U.S.) Mandate System – Territories administered by European nations – GB and France got German colonies in Africa, former Ottoman Empire in Middle East

24. R–Reparations were demanded of Germany. A – Allies took German land and limited German military. W–War’s total guilt was forced on Germany “Germany felt the Treaty of Versailles was a ‘RAW’ Deal!”