1. World War I, The Great War 1914-1918

2. Causes of the War  Nationalism- pride in and loyalty to one’s ethnic group  Imperialism- race for colonies around the globe  Militarism - arms race in Europe  Alliance System

3. Alliances  1882 Bismarck joins Germany with Austria- Hungary (A-H)  Treaty with Russia  1890 Kaiser Wilhelm II gets rid of Bismarck and cancels treaty with Russia  Russia joins with France  Triple Entente: Russia, France, Great Britain  Triple Alliance: Germany, A-H, Italy

5. War Breaks Out  July 1914 Assassination of the A-H Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife Sophia in Sarajevo  A-H declares war on Serbia  Russia mobilizes to defend its ally Serbia  Germany declares war on Russia, then France  Germany invades Belgium and Great Britain and Italy enter the war on the Allied Powers’ side

6. Life at War  Trench warfare  Poison gas  Automatic weapons

7. Trench Warfare on the Western Front

8. Poison Gas

9. War on the Western Front  Failure of the Schlieffen plan  Stalemate in France  1916- about 2 million die

10. War on the Eastern Front  Fighting in Western Russia and the Balkans  Russia and Italy plunge into social turmoil

11. Homefronts in Europe  Total war  Food shortages, rationing  Propaganda  Women in the labor force  Rise of labor leaders

13. War Outside Europe  Manpower and supplies from colonies  British white dominions send troops to Africa and Middle East  Japan joined allied cause and attacked German colonies in Asia  U.S. entered the war on the allied side in 1917

14. End of War and the Treaty of Versailles  Germany agrees to armistice after U.S. military overwhelms them  Treaty of Versailles left signers unsatisfied – Wilson’s 14 points of peace – League of Nations established – Germany punished – Russia not allowed to participate – A-H and the Ottoman Empire collapsed as political entities

15. Legacy of the War  Huge loss of human life and lost generation  Great Depression  Rise of revolutions  Rise of totalitarianism  New independent nations