The Colonies Explain the development of the American colonies and their role in shaping the future of the North and South

The First Attempt  Roanoke Island- “Lost Colony” founded in 1585 by Sir Walter Raleigh  Re-supply group arrives in 1590 and find nobody there and only the words “Croatoan”

An English Settlement at Jamestown  The first permanent English settlement in North America is founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in  The Business of Colonization  Joint-stock companies—investors fund colony, get profits  In 1607, Virginia Company sends 150 people to found Jamestown

Wrong way to do the job A Disastrous Start Colonists seek gold, suffer from disease and hunger. Most of the colonist were from wealthy families not used to working for themselves.Colonists seek gold, suffer from disease and hunger. Most of the colonist were from wealthy families not used to working for themselves. John Smith- takes over leadership after the colony begins to collapse. Forced colonists to farm; gets help from Powhatan Native Americans.John Smith- takes over leadership after the colony begins to collapse. Forced colonists to farm; gets help from Powhatan Native Americans.John Smith- John Smith- Time of Starvation-(1609) 600 colonists arrive; Powhatan destroy farms; “starving time”Time of Starvation-(1609) 600 colonists arrive; Powhatan destroy farms; “starving time”

We’re Saved “Brown Gold” - Tobacco becomes profitable; export 1.5 million pounds by late 1620s. Brown Gold” Brown Gold” Headright system- purchaser of passage gets 50 acres—lures settlers by the thousands to Virginia. Indentured servants- work 4–7 years for free passage to the new world

1619 a Year of 1 st  The House of Burgess- established in Virginia it is the 1 st representative assembly in the America’s  Women- begin to arrive in Virginia to establish families  Africans- the first indentured Africans arrive, over the next 100 years plantation farming makes this into slavery.

Fun while it lasted  Bankruptcy the Virginia company is broke and King James of England seizes the colony and turns it into a ROYAL COLONY.  Settlers vs. Native Americans- with the increasing amount of settlers the Powhatans begin to wage war on them to reclaim land.  English views on intermarriage- seen as disgusting and frowned upon last one was between Pocahontas and John Rolfe.

Rich versus Poor Hostilities Develop 1. Former indentured people settle frontier, cannot vote, pay high taxes 2. Frontier settlers battle natives; tension between frontier settlers wealthy landowners 3. Governor refuses to give money to help frontier fight local natives

Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon raises army to fight natives on frontier (1676) Governor calls Bacon’s army illegal; Bacon sets fire to Jamestown

New England Colonies Map

Puritan New England Puritans-Puritans- religious group, want to purify Church of England. King James feels threatened and begins arresting and killing Puritans. Puritans- Separatists- they feel the Church of England is corrupt and need to start over in a new land. Mayflower-Mayflower- In 1620, Pilgrims flee to escape persecution. Not everyone is a Puritan half of them are there for the chance to get land and strike it rich. Mayflower- Mayflower Compact- Mayflower Compact- this is an agreement between the men on the ship that they will follow the will of the majority. Mayflower Compact-

Plymouth Colony  Founder- William Bradford in 1620  This is a Pilgrim colony with Puritans.  First Winter- Almost ½ of the Pilgrims died during the first winter and in reality are saved by Native Americans.  Thanksgiving Feast- This is a total lie told by Americans.

The Massachusetts Bay Company John Winthrop-is Puritan colony’s first governor and founder in Reason for founding- In 1620’s persecution of their religion grows and the Puritans get permission for a colony charter. Great Migration- over 15,000 colonist travel to New England for religious freedom and found the city of Boston. Puritan Thinking- Puritan leaders did not like anyone who questioned their authority or religious teachings and disagreement would lead to a banishment from the colony. Government- Religious leaders were government leaders.

The Other New England Colonies  Because of the treatment of “rebel” thinkers several colonies are created out of Massachusetts.

Rhode Island  Founder- Roger Williams in He is chased out of Massachusetts for believing Major difference with Rhode Island and the other Puritan Colonies 1.Roger Williams negotiated with the Native Americans for the land. Roger Williams Roger Williams 2.Rhode Island offered religious freedom to everyone (1 st time in the America’s). Also the church and state were separated in Rhode Island.

Rhode Island continued….  Anne Hutchinson- she preaches that a good Christian does not need church leaders just faith in God.

Connecticut  Founder- Thomas Hooker, he leads a large group of Puritans out of Mass. Bay Colony in  Fundamental Orders of Connecticut it’s the first written constitution in American history. 1. Grants the colony a representative government. The legislature is elected by popular vote of the people.

New Hampshire  Founder- John Mason in 1630  Reason- Freedom from Puritan oppression 1. Created by the King of England as a Royal Colony to increase English control over the colonies in The Last New England colony

War with Native Americans Settlers spread to western Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut encroaching on Native American Land Native Americans think land treaties temporary, Europeans think permanent The Pequot War Pequot War— Pequot takes stand against colonists, nearly destroyed King Philip’s War King Philip’s War 1. Deprived of land, natives toil for English, must follow Puritan laws 2. Wampanoag chief Metacom- organizes tribes to wipe out settlers (1675) 3. King Philip’s War fierce; hunger, disease, casualties defeat tribes

The Middle Colonies Originally not a part of the English colonies They are located between England’s two main colonies: New England and the Southern colonies.

Middle Colonies Map

New York  Originally founded by the Dutch and called New Amsterdam.  Founder- Peter Minuit  Conquered the Duke of York invades the Dutch colony and claims it for England by renaming it.  Purpose- founded by the Dutch as a colony for trade and commerce

New Jersey  Founder- Lord Berkley  Purpose- trade and farming  Once a part of New York it is split off because the size of the territory is too big.  Given to friends of the Duke of York and split into two: East and West Jersey  1702 the crown combines it into one colony

Pennsylvania Founder- William Penn 1682 he is a Quaker 1. He designs and builds the city of Philadelphia 2. Treats Native Americans fairly in his deals to buy their land. Quakers- religious group that believed in the equality of all men and women, non-violent and resisted military service.

The Holy Experiment Holy Experiment- the colony was founded with three goals in mind 1. Provide religious freedom- the colony granted everyone freedom of religion for Quakers and anyone willing to move to Pennsylvania from Europe. 2. Representative Government- Adult males get 50 acres and the right to vote. Also elected officials and unrestricted immigration to anyone. 3. Profit- make money for William Penn.

Delaware  Created when William Penn grants the area the right to representation in 1702.

Maryland Founder- George Calvert in 1634 Maryland was founded as a place for religious freedom for Catholics in America.

Southern Colonies  These include Virginia, the Carolina’s and Georgia

Southern Colonies Map

North Carolina  Founders- group of landowners in 1653  Purpose- This was a land of small tobacco farms  Had very little plantations so it didn’t rely on slaves like its southern neighbors.

South Carolina  Founded- by the same landowners in 1670  Developed very differently than North Carolina  Purpose- Had large plantations used to grow rice and indigo. By the time of the Revolutionary War South Carolina has a huge slave population working the plantations.

Georgia Land of Debtors, Criminals and  Founded by James Oglethorpe in He bans the sale of rum and slaves in the colony to promote his idea of utopia 2. The last of the original 13 colonies Georgia was created for two reasons 1. Buffer- a defensive buffer to protect the rice plantations of South Carolina from the Spanish in Florida 2. Debtors Paradise- to relieve the jails of thousands of imprisoned debtors Oglethorpe brings them to Georgia and gives them land. (REMEMBER PIRATES).

Georgia Cont’d…  Falls Apart- Oglethorpe’s dream of a haven for people falls apart as wealthy landowners from England come to buy land.  Results 1. Plantations- attempts to cut into the Rice, Indigo, Tobacco markets 2. Failure- By the time of the Revolutionary War it’s the smallest (population) and poorest of the 13 original colonies