Obj: To understand America as a World Power Focus: How would you resolve a conflict between two friends? How would a country do the same?

America as a World Power Chapter 18 Section 4

Terms and Names Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary dollar diplomacy Francisco “Pancho” Villa Francisco “Pancho” Villa John J. Pershing

Russo – Japanese War

The Russo – Japanese War Tension between Japan and Russia over Korea turned into war Tension between Japan and Russia over Korea turned into war Russia wanted Korea Russia wanted Korea Japan set Korea up as an independent state Japan set Korea up as an independent state Japan warned Russia to not press the issue Japan warned Russia to not press the issue

February 1904, Japan attacked the Russian Pacific and European fleets and destroyed them February 1904, Japan attacked the Russian Pacific and European fleets and destroyed them Japan secured firm control over Korea and Manchuria Japan secured firm control over Korea and Manchuria

Roosevelt the Peacemaker Japan’s victories led them to an economic drain Japan’s victories led them to an economic drain Asked Roosevelt to mediate the conflict Asked Roosevelt to mediate the conflict Russian and Japanese Russian and Japanese leaders met in Portsmouth, New Hampshire

Japan wanted Sakhalin Island and a large sum of money Japan wanted Sakhalin Island and a large sum of money Mediation Mediation Japan - Take half of the island and no cash Japan - Take half of the island and no cash Russia gave up its interests in Manchuria and Korea Russia gave up its interests in Manchuria and Korea Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Price in 1906 for his negotiations Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Price in 1906 for his negotiations

Relations with Japan US and Japan promised to respect each other’s possessions and interests in East Asia and the Pacific Roosevelt sent the “Great White Fleet” (16 white battleships) on a world tour Japan was so impressed, they began to build a bigger navy

Panama Canal Location:The Isthmus of Panama Purpose:Decrease travel time A short cut from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean The Planners: Great Britain & the U.S. Hay – Pauncefot Treaty gave the US rights to build and control the canal

Two Sites for the Canal PanamaNicaragua HarderEasier Mountains/SwampsNatural Lake Senate approved building the canal in Panama because the path through Nicaragua was near a volcano

The United States had to negotiate with Colombia When negotiations broke down, Bunau- Varilla organized a rebellion against Colombia Panama declared its independence and gave the United States perpetual control over the canal zone

Constructing the Canal Took ten years to complete Took ten years to complete Thousands of workers Thousands of workers $400 million $400 million More than 5,600 workers died More than 5,600 workers died August 15, 1914, the canal opened August 15, 1914, the canal opened The canal damaged US – Latin American relations for decades The canal damaged US – Latin American relations for decades

The Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt was determined to make the US the predominant power in the Caribbean and Central America Roosevelt was determined to make the US the predominant power in the Caribbean and Central America “Speak softly and carry a big stick” “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Roosevelt Corollary... European powers must not get involved in the Western Hemisphere European powers must not get involved in the Western Hemisphere Disorder in Latin America might force the US to exercise police power to protect American interests Disorder in Latin America might force the US to exercise police power to protect American interests

The United States used its police power on several occasions The United States used its police power on several occasions 1. The US loaned money to Nicaragua to pay its debts after the 1911 rebellion 2. Nicaraguan people revolted against President Diaz when they heard the terms of the loan. 2,000 marines were sent to put the revolt down

Dollar Diplomacy The US government guaranteed loans made to foreign countries by business people The US government guaranteed loans made to foreign countries by business people Justified keeping European countries out of the Caribbean Justified keeping European countries out of the Caribbean

Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy The United States had a moral responsibility to not recognize any Latin American government that was oppressive, undemocratic or hostile to US interests The United States had a moral responsibility to not recognize any Latin American government that was oppressive, undemocratic or hostile to US interests Pressured other nations to establish a democratic government Pressured other nations to establish a democratic government

The Mexican Revolution Wilson refused to recognize General Victoriano Huerta as president of Mexico because he executed the former president – Francisco Madero Wilson refused to recognize General Victoriano Huerta as president of Mexico because he executed the former president – Francisco Madero He called them “a government of butchers ” He called them “a government of butchers ”

Watchful Waiting Wilson looked for an opportunity to act against Huerta Wilson looked for an opportunity to act against Huerta When American sailors were arrested on Mexico’s eastern shore, Wilson used that as a reason to invade Mexico When American sailors were arrested on Mexico’s eastern shore, Wilson used that as a reason to invade Mexico US Marines occupied Veracruz and over 100 Mexicans died US Marines occupied Veracruz and over 100 Mexicans died

Argentina, Brazil, and Chile stepped in to mediate between the US and Mexico Argentina, Brazil, and Chile stepped in to mediate between the US and Mexico Suggested that Huerta step down and US withdraw the troops Suggested that Huerta step down and US withdraw the troops Both sides rejected the plan Both sides rejected the plan Huerta’s regime eventually collapsed and Venustiano Carranza became president Huerta’s regime eventually collapsed and Venustiano Carranza became president Wilson withdrew and recognized the new government Wilson withdrew and recognized the new government

John J. Pershing American General led 15,000 soldiers in pursuit of Francisco “Pancho” Villa American General led 15,000 soldiers in pursuit of Francisco “Pancho” Villa Pancho Villa led revolts against President Carranza and Americans Pancho Villa led revolts against President Carranza and Americans Villa couldn’t be captured for over a year and Wilson added 150,000 National Guardsmen to the Mexican border Villa couldn’t be captured for over a year and Wilson added 150,000 National Guardsmen to the Mexican border

Mexican people became angry at the invasion and wanted the US off their land Mexican people became angry at the invasion and wanted the US off their land In 1917, the US and Mexico almost went to war In 1917, the US and Mexico almost went to war The United States withdrew and became involved in the war in Europe The United States withdrew and became involved in the war in Europe As a result, Mexico put strict regulations on foreign investors As a result, Mexico put strict regulations on foreign investors

US Imperialistic Goals Expanded access to foreign markets Expanded access to foreign markets Built a modern navy to protect its interests abroad Built a modern navy to protect its interests abroad Exercised its international police power to ensure dominance in Latin America Exercised its international police power to ensure dominance in Latin America

Closure Activity… …Create a two-column chart listing how Roosevelt and Wilson used American power around the world during their presidencies.