1. Chapter 18 America Claims an Empire
Global competition prompts the United States to expand its influence and territory engage in conflicts around the globe, and build the Panama Canal.

2. Section 4 America as a World Power
The Russo-Japanese War, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution add to America’s military and economic power.

3. Teddy Roosevelt and the World
Roosevelt didn’t not want Europeans to control world economy & politics
Japan & Russia disputed control of Korea (Japanese-Russo War)
Roosevelt negotiated Treaty of Portsmouth:
- Japan received Manchuria & Korea
- Roosevelt won Nobel Peace Prize
U.S. & Japan continued diplomatic talks
- Pledged to respect each other’s possessions

4. The Panama Canal
U.S. wanted canal to cut travel time of commercial & military ships
Colombia controlled the isthmus of Panama (Best Spot)
U.S. bought French company’s route through Panama
Negotiated with Colombia to build Panama Canal
- Talks broke down

5. The Panama Canal
French company agent helped organize Panamanian rebellion
- U.S. gave military aid
Panama gained independence
U.S., Panama sign treaty
U.S. paid $10 million for Canal zone

6. Constructing the Canal
Construction of canal is one of world’s greatest engineering feats
- fought diseases & geographic obstacles
- at height, 43,400 workers employed
5000 workers died
Finished in 1914
Canal cost $352 million dollars

8. Policing the Hemisphere
Roosevelt wanted it made clear that the U.S was the leading power in the Americas
- Speak softly and carry a big stick"
Roosevelt reminded Europe about the Monroe Doctrine
- It said that the U.S would police the western hemisphere
Added the Roosevelt Corollary - added to the Monroe Doctrine
- Said that if a situation arose that required international police power the U.S. would do the job

9. Policing the Hemisphere
Later presidents expanded Roosevelt's" Big Stick Diplomacy"
- Encouraged U.S. companies to invest in Latin America
- Promised military support

10. U.S. involvement in Latin America
Business leaders realized they could by products cheaply in Latin America and sell them in the U.S. (coffee, bananas, and copper)
Bought large tracts of land
- Many people lost their land and were forced to take low paying jobs

11. Woodrow Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Missionary diplomacy - U.S. had moral responsibility:
- would not recognize regimes that are oppressive, undemocratic
A lot of U.S. investment in Mexico under dictator Porfirio Díaz,
1911, peasants & workers led by Francisco Madero overthrew Díaz (Mexican Revolution)
General Victoriano Huerta took over government & Madero was murdered
Wilson refused to recognize Huerta’s government

12. Intervention in Mexico
Huerta’s officers arrested U.S. sailors & quickly release them
Wilson ordered Marines to occupy Veracruz
Argentina, Brazil, & Chile mediated to avoid war
Huerta regime falls & nationalist Venustiano Carranza became new president

13. Rebellion in Mexico
Francisco “Pancho” & Villa, Emiliano Zapata opposed Carranza
- Zapata wanted land reform
- Villa was a fierce nationalist
Wilson recognizes Carranza’s government
Villa threatened reprisals
- Villa’s men killed Americans

14. Chasing Villa Brig. Gen. John J. Pershing led forces to capture Villa
Carranza demanded withdrawal of U.S. troops
- Wilson refuses at first
U.S. faced war in Europe & wants peace on southern border (WWI)
- Wilson ordered Pershing home
Mexico adopted new constitution:
- Government controls oil, minerals
- restricted foreign investors