Popes and Kings P. 260-263.

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Popes and Kings P. 260-263

I. Power of Pope A. Head of Christian Church in W. Europe B. God’s rep. on earth C. Write papal bull to explain religious teachings or church policy D. Could excommunicate (cast out of church & therefore possibility of heaven) E. Gained power after fall of Rome F. Rich w/ huge palaces

II. King’s Power A. 1000s, divided into small states, most powerful being England, France & Holy Roman empire B. Inherited thrones 1. England & France 2. maintained through alliance & warfare

C. Holy Roman Empire 1. from Charlemagne’s empire from 700’ s 2. Continued papal approval in 900’s, thus called Holy Roman Empire 3. emperors elected by nobles (sometimes caused fights that required papal intervention)

III. Pope Fights for Power A. W. Europe considered Pope head of church B. E European bishops disagreed C. Pope Leo IX excommunicated bishop of Constantinople when he wouldn’t recognize him as head D. Permanent Split 1. followers of Pope Leo IX – Roman Catholics 2. agreed with bishop of Const. – Eastern Orthodox

IV. Kings & Popes Clash A. Kings & popes vie for power B. Who can choose bishops? 1. Emp. Henry IV chose bishop 2. Pope Gregory VII disagreed. Forced removal of bishop & excommunicated emperor. 3. Henry begged for forgiveness. 3 days stood barefoot in snow outside Gregory’s castle. 4. Gregory eventually forgave.

C. 1122 Compromise 1. church officials choose bishops & abbots 2. bishops & abbots still obey emperor.