1. The Power of the Church
Chapter 13
Section 4

2. Key Terms
Clergy
Sacrament
Canon law
Holy Roman Empire
Lay investiture

3. The Far-Reaching Authority of the Church
Crowning of Charlemagne
Gave the church both spiritual and political influence
300 years earlier Pope Gelasius said conflicts could arise between the church and state

4. The Far Reaching Authority of The Church
God created two swords
One for religion
The other political
Pope should bow to emperor (political)
Emperor bow to pope (religious)
Church and rulers competed for power

5. Structure of the Church
Power based on status
The pope in Rome headed the church
All clergy under the pope
Clergy- included bishops and priests
Bishops supervised priests
Bishops settled disputes over Church teachings
Local priest is the main contact

6. Religion as a Unifying Force
Feudalism separated people
Shared beliefs brought them together
Church stable force during warfare
Provided Christians with a sense of security
Religion was center stage

7. Religion as a Unifying Force
Life was harsh
Follow path to salvation
Everlasting life in heaven
Priests administered the sacraments
Important religious ceremonies
Rites pave way for salvation

8. Religion as a Unifying Force
Baptism- became part of the Christian Community
Village church unifying force
Religious and social center
People worshipped together
Holidays festive occasions

9. The Law of the Church Churches authority spiritual and political
Created a code of justice
All kings, peasants subject to canon law
Church law- marriages and religious practices

10. The Law of the Church Two of the harshest punishments were
Excommunication
Interdiction
Popes used excommunication a banishment from the church to yield power over political figures

11. The Law of the Church
King quarrels with a Pope the king would be denied salvation
Also freed all of his vassals from their duty
Interdiction- sacraments could not be performed on the kings land

12. The Law of the Church
People believe without the sacraments they are doomed
During 11 century these threat would force and emperor to submit to the popes commands

13. Otto I Allies with the Church
Most effective ruler in Medieval Germany
Crowned in 936
Formed close alliance with the church
To limit nobles strength sought help from bishops and abbots
Used power to defeat German princes

14. Signs of Future Conflicts
Otto invaded Rome on the Popes behalf
Pope crowned him emperor 962
Holy Roman Empire
Strongest state in Europe till 1100
Popes and Italian nobles did not like Germany’s power over Italy

15. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
Lay investiture-ceremony in which kings and nobles appoint church officials
Who ever controlled lay investiture held the real power
Church reformers felt the king should not have this power

16. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
1075 Pope Gregory banned lay investitures
Henry IV called a meeting of the bishops he appointed
Emperor ordered Gregory to step down
Gregory excommunicated Henry

17. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
German bishops sided with the Pope
To save his throne Henry begged forgiveness
1077 Henry crosses the alps to Canossa
Gregory was a guest there

18. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
Stood in bare feet in the snow
Pope was obliged to forgive him
Henry spent three days in the snow

19. Concordat of Worms 1122 Church and emperor met Reached a compromise
Church alone could appoint bishops
Emperor could veto the appointment

20. Disorder in the Empire Frederick I
First ruler to call his lands the Holy Roman Empire
Invaded rich Italian cities
Merchants and the Pope joined the Lombard league

21. Reign of Frederick I
1176 foot soldiers of Lombard league faced Frederick’s army of mounted knights
Battle of Legnano Italian foot soldiers defeat the knights
1177 makes peace with the Pope
Frederick drowns in 1190 empire collapses

22. German States Remain Separate
German kings tried to revive Charlemagne’s empire and his alliance with the church
Led to wars with Italian cities clashes with the pope
Clashes were one reason German princes did not unite

23. German States Remain Separate
German princes electing the king weakened royal authority
German rulers controlled fewer lands
Less of a base of power like French and English kings