1. Of Popes and Kings
7.34 Demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs, including Charlemagne, Gregory VII, and Emperor Henry IV.

2. Objectives
I can understand the power of the pope’s and kings during the Middle Ages
So that we can understand the cooperation and conflict between the pope and king
I will know I have it when create a Venn Diagram that shows the power of the Kings and Popes

3. A power shift
In early Middle Ages nobles and knights held the most power
As time went on Kings and Popes both gained power
Kings – Political power
Popes – Religious Power

6. The Power of the Popes Head of the Christian/Catholic church
Which included most of Europe
Was seen as God’s representative on Earth
Decided what the church would teach
If you went against the church you would be excommunicated…
Cast out from the church (and pretty much any other social activity because they were all mainly run by the church)

7. Political Power of Popes
The Power of the Popes
Duties of the Pope
Decide what the Church would teach
Write a bull (bill) – Church policy
Decide when someone was acting against the Church
Excommunication
Pope/bishop could cast out people from the Church.
People believed it meant they could not get into heaven.
Political Power of Popes
After the Roman Empire collapsed, many people looked to Pope as the leader.
Popes became rich and powerful.

8. The Power of Kings Ruled their lands Controlled everything political
Tax rates
Armies
Land distribution
Laws
Created alliances
Power was passed down through family

9. The Power of Kings Some kings had little real power.
In which 3 countries did kings have real control?
England, France, Holy Roman Empire (see below)
How were kings chosen in England and France?
Inherited throne from fathers
What was The Holy Roman Empire…
This empire grew out of Charlemagne’s empire, who built his empire with the pope’s approval.
Why was it called the Holy Roman Empire?
it was approved by Pope
seen as rebirth of the Roman Empire
Squabbles between the King and Nobles were settled by the Pope

11. Examples of Power Struggles…Pope Problems
Western Europe viewed the Pope as the head of the church
Eastern Europe however never heard of the pope (because the Pope lived in Rome)
The bishops did whatever they wanted
One pope who did not like this:
Pope Leo IX

12. Pope Leo IX splits the church
Wanted to bring ALL of Europe under his control
Eastern Bishops didn’t like it
Especially the Bishop of Constantinople
Pope Leo excommunicated the Bishop
People had to choose sides (We talked about this when we studied the Byzantine Empire… remember, the Great Schism?)
Pope Leo’s side became Roman Catholics
Bishop of Constantinople became the Eastern Orthodox Church

13. Power Struggles continue… Popes and Kings Clash
Popes wanted power/Kings wanted power
This can only be a bad thing
For example:
Popes normally selected Bishops
Kings thought they should be able to

16. Popes and Kings Clash
This came to a head with Pope Gregory VII and King Henry IV
Pope Gregory did not like a Bishop chosen by King Henry
King Henry tried to convince the Bishops to remove Pope Gregory
In return Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry and convinced the Nobles to overthrow him

17. A desperate man King Henry wanted to stay in power
He traveled to Italy to beg forgiveness
He stood in the snow for three days barefoot before being allowed to see Pope Gregory
Eventually, Pope Gregory forgave him and King Henry was restored to the church and throne
Video

18. Concordat of Worms
Finally in 1122 a new pope and new king made a compromise
Church officials would choose the bishop
King would have to approve
Bishop would have to obey the King

20. Popes Vs. Kings
Papal Power: Using the case study worksheet we will figure out who is more powerful… the Pope or the King.
After the case study: Video

21. Day 2 How Pope is chosen Power Struggles and Clashes
Popes vs. Kings- Which one had more power during the Middle Ages? Articles 1-5
Divide up into 5 equal groups
As you are reading, create a T-chart to list powers that kings hold on one side, powers that popes hold on the other side.
Conclude, in your opinion, who holds the most power over people?

22. T Chart- Power of Popes/Power of Kings
Reinstate himself as a pope/political
excommunicate
Wrote papal “bills”
Total control over church (& most members)
Choose king
Military power
Control over taxes
Chose a new pope
Has army attack pope
Has army prevent taxes from being paid to church