1. The Later Middle Ages Popes and King
Chapter 18-1
The Later Middle Ages
Popes and King

2. Put these in the Correct Order
True of False: Choose the letters of the True Statements
In England and France, kings were elected to their thrones
In England and France, kings inherited their thrones from their fathers
People who committed minor offences could be excommunicated.
People who committed serious offenses could be excommunicated.
Popes and kings had the most power in the later Middle Ages
Nobles and knights had the most power in the later Middle Ages.
Invaders attack much of Europe
Towns and trade grow
Charlemagne creates a huge Christian Empire
Missionaries spread Christianity to Europe
Feudalism develops in Europe

3. Copy Chapter 18 Terms p. 523 Excommunicate Pope Gregory VII
Emperor Henry IV
Crusades
Holy Land
Pope Urban II
King Richard I
Saladin
Clergy
Religious Order
Francis of Assisi
Friars
Thomas Aquinas
Natural Law
Magna Carta
Parliament
Hundred Years’ War
Joan of Arc
Black Death
Heresy
Reconquista
King Ferdinand
Queen Isabella
Spanish Inquisition

4. Complete the Timeline Questions Explore the Timeline p. 521
About how long did the Crusades last?
While Crusaders fought for control of the Holy Land, what was happening in Japan?
About how long did the Black Death last?

5. Chapter 18-1 Guided Questions
What two people shared power in Europe after feudalism declined?
Whom might a pope choose to excommunicate?
Why did some popes eventually begin to live like royalty?
How did becoming king in England and France differ from how it was done in the Holy Roman Empire?
In what region did many bishops not recognize the pope’s authority?
Why did Pope Leo IX believe that all church officials should answer to him?
What might have happened if Leo IX had not excommunicated the bishop of Constantinople?
What compromise solved the conflict over who had the right to choose bishops?
Why do you think a king would want to select bishops himself?

6. Popes and Kings
In the early Middle Ages, who had a great deal of power in Europe?
As time passed, power shifted into the hands of the popes and kings.
Looking at the title “popes and kings,” what kind of government can you guess they had?
Feudalism in Europe declined and popes gained both spiritual power and political power.
What was the popes job during the early Middle Ages?
Together the popes and kings controlled most of European Society.

7. Jobs of the Pope Head of Christian Church in Western Europe
God’s representative on earth to Christian people in Europe
Wrote “the bull” which said what the church could teach and its policies
Punish or Excommunicate people working against the church, which was feared greatly
Political Leader for the area of the fallen Roman Empire and area became known as the Holy Roman Empire because the Pope elected its leaders
Popes lived like royalty in huge palaces

8. Because of the power of the popes, they often clashed with the legitimate political leaders, the kings.

9. King and Power
All of the small states in Europe were ruled by kings (see map 525)
Most powerful kings were in France, England, and the Holy Roman Empire
Kings in France and England inherited their thrones (dynasty)
Power through alliances and warfare

11. The Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire grew out of what was Charlemagne’s Empire
Saw as the rebirth of the Roman Empire
Leaders of the Holy Roman Empire were elected by the pope and did not inherit their crowns
The Emperors were elected by nobles
Sometimes these elections led to fights between the nobles and the Emperors
In the worst fights, emperors would call on the pope for help

12. Let’s Gossip about the two biggest fights between the kings and popes
The Great Schism of 1054
Create a split in the Christian Church
The Clash of 1073
Pope shows the king who is boss

13. Popes vs. Kings Gossip Column Assignment
Write a Newspaper Gossip Column about the
“Great Schism of 1054” with Pope Leo IX (page 526 Popes fight for power) OR
“The Clash of 1073” with Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV (527 Kings and Popes Clash)
Criteria
Groups of 2 or can be done individually
Column must include a Catchy Title
Columns must explain the controversy completely (so what are they arguing about and what happens)
Must include some opinionated views from the writer
Include slang or sarcasm
Include slang or sarcasm such as lol, Omg, like, really, epic fail, rotfl, etc…
ALL GOSSIP MUST BE TRUE IN THIS CASE!!

14. Main Idea 2: Popes fought for power, leading to a permanent split within the church.
Although the people of western Europe considered the pope the head of the church, eastern European people disagreed.

15. Pope Leo
Pope Leo IX believed that all Christians should answer to the pope, and that the pope should be the leader of the whole Christian church.
The bishop of Constantinople disagreed with Pope Leo and wouldn’t recognize his authority, so Pope Leo excommunicated him.
This decision created a permanent split in the church. The Eastern Orthodox Church was formed by Christians who agreed with the bishop.
The rest of the church became known as the Roman Catholic Church. The pope became one of the most powerful figures in western Europe.

16. Main Idea 3: Kings and popes clashed over some issues.
As popes continued to try to increase their power, they came into conflict with kings.

17. Power Struggle Pope Gregory VII came to power in Rome.
The pope disapproved of a bishop chosen by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV.
Henry became angry and tried to have the pope removed; however, the pope excommunicated Henry.
Henry had to beg the pope for forgiveness to get back into the church.
This incident made the pope more powerful than the emperor at that time.

18. Info to Know
The Great Schism of 1054 was the split between the Eastern and Western Christian Churches. In 1054, relations between the Greek speaking Eastern of the Byzantine empire and the Latin speaking Western traditions within the Christian Church reached a terminal crisis. This crisis led to the separation between the Eastern and Western churches and is referred to as the Great Schism of The Christian Church split along doctrinal, theological, linguistic, political, and geographic lines. The split, the Great Schism of 1054, led to the development of the modern Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.

19. Info to Know
A person who was excommunicated was denied the sacraments of the church, including mass and confession. Because rulers were believed to rule by the authority of God, an excommunicated king or emperor had no right to rule.

20. Popes vs. Kings Gossip Column Assignment
What is gossip?
What is catchy?