The High Middle Ages 1050-1450

Growth of Royal Power in England and France

Monarchs, Nobles, and the Church Monarchs were relatively weak Church and nobles had more power Why? How did monarchs increase power? Collected taxes, had courts, had armies; royal justice undermined feudal and church courts, ties with middle class

Strong Monarchs in England Norman Conquest Duke William of Normandy 1066 Growth of Royal Power Creates new laws: Exchequer- A Unified Legal System Common law- Jury- Vassal swears allegance to king not lord, Domesday Book –to collect taxes (census); treasury to collect taxes; royal court based on court rullings and customs (charged fees)

Conflict With the Church King Henry II claimed the right to try the clergy in royal courts. Archbishop of Canterbury opposed the king’s move. Result: Murdered by knights in his cathedral -

Evolving Traditions of English Government The Magna Carta Henry’s son, King John battles with the pope, King of France, and the nobles In 1215, after angering nobles with new taxes, King John was forced to sign the _______. Protected the rights of: Two important ideas: Nobles, church, and townspeople, agreed not to raise taxes. 1nobles had certain rights 2monarch must obey law

Development of Parliament Great council evolved into the _________. Who made up this group? Set up framework for England’s legislature Parlieament; common people, clergy, and lords

Successful Monarchs in France Philip Augustus Middle class Granted charters to new towns Strong army New national tax Quadrupled royal land holdings

Louis IX, King and Saint 1226 Perused religious goals Persecuted heretics and _____ and led knights into wars against _______. Outlawed ______ and ______. By 1270, France was an efficient monarchy. Jews, muslims; private wars and serfdom

Philip IV Clashes With the Pope Tried to collect taxes from the ______. Pope Boniface VIII Estates General in 1302 Clergy; oppoesed and was beaten but died later; made of clergy, noble, and townspeople

The Holy Roman Empire and the Church

The Holy Roman Empire Duke Otto I of Saxony took the title of king of Germany. Worked closely with the Pope “Holy Roman emperor” The ________ were the real rulers. Dispute over appointment of _______ Holy roman- holy crowned by pope; Roman- hiers to roman empire; vassals; clergy

Conflict Between Popes and Emperors Pope Gregory VII Aroused more anger than any other pope. Why? Outlawed lay investiture Emperor Henry IV Argued that the bishops fief was royal, not _______. New laws arrogance, can be judged by no one, kiss my feet, appoint bishops, appoint and remove emperors; secular appointment of bishops;

The Struggle Intensifies In 1076, Gregory VII excommunicated Henry Result: Concordat of Worms Begged for his forgiveness and got it. Then he led an army to Rome and forced the pope into exile; pope and emperor shared giving bishop authority;

The Height of Church Power Pope Innocent III took office in 1198, claimed absolute rule. Excommunicated King John and placed his kingdom under interdict. He did the same to Philip II. Why? War with the Albigensians in France. Why? He tried to annul his marriage; wanted to reform the church simple ways