Chapter 25 Section 1

Yalta Feb 1945 Big Three Agreement to govern Germany jointly FDR http://www.historytoday.com/paul-dukes/rise-and-fall-big-three Feb 1945 Big Three FDR Churchill Stalin Agreement to govern Germany jointly Allied Control Council

Iron Curtain Speech 1946 Fulton Missouri http://www.westminster-mo.edu/explore/history-traditions/IronCurtainSpeech.html “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent." 1946 Fulton Missouri Statement clearly describing existing situation Churchill – Addressing the Condition of Europe.asf

Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947 Greece and Turkey in danger of falling to communist insurgents Truman requested $400 million from Congress in aid to both countries. Successful effort http://clairehistory12.weebly.com/the-truman-doctrine-and-marshall-plan.html

Marshall Plan On June 5, U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall proposes a massive aid program to rebuild Europe from the ravages of World War II. Nearly $13 billion in U.S. aid was sent to Europe from 1948 to 1952. The Soviet Union and communist Eastern Europe decline U.S. aid, citing "dollar enslavement." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Plan

Communist Takeover in Czechoslovakia Feb. 1948 Key members of Czech gov’t die mysteriously Pro-western President forced to resign, new constitution ratified Complete takeover by Czech communists

Berlin Airlift Blockade of Berlin began on June 24, ’48 From June 1948 to May 1949, U.S. and British planes airlift 1.5 million tons of supplies to the residents of West Berlin. After 200,000 flights, the Soviet Union lifts the blockade.

Operation Vittles All of the necessities for the city's 2.5 million residents -- an estimated 4,500 tons of food, coal and other materials each day -- had to enter the city by air. On its biggest day, the "Easter parade" of April 16, 1949, the airlift sent 1,398 flights into Berlin -- one every minute. Before it was all over, more than 278,000 flights would carry 2.3 million tons of relief supplies.

Berlin Airlift The airlift marked a rise in tensions between the West and the Soviets, but it also helped heal divisions left by World War II. Almost immediately, The United States, Great Britain, and France shifted from Germany's conquerors to its protectors. "The airlift was the starting point for Germany's inclusion in the West and for the reconciliation with the Western powers," Berlin Mayor Eberhard Diepgen says. Allied cooperation paved way for formation of new military alliance, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO Soviets formed their own alliance called Warsaw Pact in 1955

International Organizations 1. United Nations (UN) formed after WWII – purpose was to settle future international disputes. Made of a Security Council that controls the UN (15 members with United States, Russia, China, Britain, and France permanent members). 2. The United States and other Western nations formed (NATO) North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949 which was an alliance against the Soviet Union. 3. The Soviet Union responded by forming their own group called the Warsaw Pact in 1955. This included the Soviet Union, its’ satellite nations and Eastern Europe.

1949 – Fall of China In June, Jiang Jieshi defeated by Mao Flee to island of Taiwan Oct 1, Mao proclaims People’s Republic of China (PRC) Two months later, Mao travels to Moscow, negotiates the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance.