The Industrial Revolution 1

Industrial Revolution Begins: The Agricultural Revolution Enclosure Movement Experiment with new agriculture Large landowners took over small farms

Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Advances 1. Three Field System < Crop Rotation CROP ROTATION - crops rotated to different field each season 2. Simple animal breeding < Animal Husbandry ANIMAL HUSBANDRY - only best animals were allowed to breed with others.

Agricultural Revolution Effects on Industry *Providing Food for cities *Providing Labor in the factories *Food Production Increases = Dramatically Increased Population!! (population explosion) *In order for a nation to Industrialize, they nation must first develop an adequate food supply

Britain’s Advantages Industrialization – the process of developing machine production of goods. Resources Water or Coal for fuel source Iron ore for machines and tools Rivers for transportation Harbors for shipping 5

Britain’s Advantages *Industrial Revolution BEGAN in *England! Britain Political Stability Military Success Factors of Production Land Labor Capitol (Wealth) *Water *Cash *Crops

Revolution in Textiles *Textiles (first to industrialize) Flying Shuttle Spinning Jenny Machine Spinning Wheel Water Frame Flying Shuttle + Spinning Jenny Spinning Mule Spinning Jenny + Water Frame

Spinning Jenny

TEXTILES: Samuel Crompton: “Spinning Mule” Made better stronger thread The Mule was a spinning machine so called because it combined the meits of the spinning jenny ( a moveable carriage) and the water Frames (roller to draw out the yarn). The mule never patented, was in use by 1779. It was hand powered and because it required considerable strength tto draw back the carraige, it was operated mostly by men. Hen, spinning, the ancient preserve of women became a man’s occupation. The woman seen here repairing broken threads. The boy sweeping. The pulleys connected the rollers to the carriage. The mule enable a spinner to spin hundreds of threads at one time.; 9

Richard Arkwright: “Water Frame” Uses water power to run spinningwheel

Inventions Spur Technological Advances *Cottage Industry: an industry where products are made at home, rather than in a factory. Factories began to take the place of cottage industry

Inventions Spur Technological Advances *FACTORY *Large place(s) where workers and machines are brought together to produce goods.

Major Inventions: Textile Eli Whitney Cotton Gin – used to remove seeds from cotton

Cotton Gin…

Answer the Question A. Workers and Textiles B. Workers and Machines FACTORIES ARE LARGE PLACES WHERE ________________ AND _________________ ARE BROUGHT TOGETHER TO PRODUCE GOODS. A. Workers and Textiles B. Workers and Machines C. Workers and Managers

Major Innovations Eli Whitney *Interchangeable Parts - Allowed parts of one item to fit into another product Gun barrels are made identical so any one gun barrel will fit another gun Must click second screen to activate 16

Improvements in Transportation *James Watt *Improved the Steam Engine Worked Faster Used Less Fuel *More Efficient Entrepreneur A person who organizes, manages, or takes risks on a business.

STEAM POWER Steam Power First reliable source of power for factories and developing industries *The development of steam power had the earliest impact on transportation technology during the I.R.

Water Transportation *Robert Fulton *Used Steam to propel a boat at speeds of more than 5 miles per hour. First Steam Powered Ship Clermont

Transportation George Stephenson Richard Trevithick First Steam Locomotive for Railroads Richard Trevithick Steam engine on tracks Train

The Rocket- 1829 George Stephenson’s famous “Rocket” of 1829. The era of the railroad began, in 1830 with the opening of the line from Liverppol to Manchester. Before the line opened the company held a contest to decide the best means of conveyance to be used, and to demonstrate the safety of the new invention. Stephenson’s Rocket competed against two other steam locomotives and won, covering the course at an average speed of about 15 mph. The Rocket also set the pattern for future locomotive design with at tubular-shaped boiler and direct drive between piston and wheels. 21

Society Changes during Industrial Revolution