A New Kind of Revolution World History Unit 3, Chapter 7, Section 1

Main Idea In the 1700s, conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries

Question column Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Great Britain? Hoe did industrialization cause a revolution in the production of textiles? How did steam power the Industrial Revolution? Where did industrialization spread beyond Great Britain?

Jethro Tull Invented the seed drill – a horse drawn machine for planting more efficiently Started an agricultural revolution that would bring changes to nearly all aspects of life One farmer’s frustration led to a revolution

The Industrial Revolution During the 1700s technology changes began that would transform the world, this era, when the use of power driven machines were developed, was called the Industrial Revolution, which started in Great Britain Before people only used human and animal power, developed water and steam power to drive new machines

Factors that led to the Industrial Revolution Exploration and colonialism: Britain’s colonies around the world provided vast raw materials like raw cotton fiber. Seapower: the largest fleet in the world could carry raw materials and return with finish goods Political stability: fought wars in Canada and N. America in 1700s, but peaceful at home, so commerce thrived Government support: Parliament passed laws that favored business Growth of private investment: private business funded “research and development”

Agricultural Factors Jethro Tull invented seed drill in 1701 Livestock breeding methods to raise healthier animals Crop improvements such as potatoes increased food supplies, increasing the population The enclosure movement allowed for more efficient farming methods, increasing food supplies

3 factors of production land, labor, capital Land: Great Britain had all the natural resources it needed- coal for fuel, iron-to build machines, and water-from rivers, streams, canals, and deepwater harbors to transport raw materials and goods. Labor: greater food supply created a great population, along with displaced farmers from the enclosure movement Capital: the country was prosperous and had money to spend

Textile Revolution from a cottage industry to completely transformed by industrialization Wool increased due to the enclosure movement, cotton levels increased from India and the North American colonies

Textile Machines: inventors Cotton gin: Eli Whitney Spinning jenny: James Hargreaves The spinning frame: Richard Arkwright Flying shuttle: John Kay Power loom: Edmund Cartwright

Factories Factory: from the old word “manufactory” Large buildings that housed new machines Spinning system driven by water known as the “water frame”

Steam Power James Watt developed the steam engine Less reliance on water for power Steam power allowed factories to be built near fuel supplies or where workers lived In 1802 Richard Trevithick used a steam engine to power the first locomotive, essential to the Industrial Revolution Robert Fulton, an American developed the steamship Clermont in 1807

Industry comes to America Machines and skilled workers were restricted to Great Britain from 1769-1830. Samuel Slater known as the “Father of American Industry, "came to America in 1789 to provide factory and machine plans, which he created from memory. In 1793, built Slater’s Mill in Pawtucket Rhode Island

Industry spreads 1807-spreads to Belgium in Europe 1848-France becomes industrial power 1850-Germany 1868-Japan 1900s-China, India, Russia