Industrial Revolution Part I – England

Think, Pair, Share What is Industrialism? What comes to mind when you think about Industrialism or the Industrial Revolution?

Revolutions England, United States, France have all had political revolutions This new type of revolution changes the way people live and work Mostly refers to how machines helped people do their jobs faster Huge impact on society

Industrial Revolution Refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s

Industrialism Defined Industrialization: The process of developing machine produced goods.

The English countryside

Starts with agriculture England (early 1700s)—covered in small farms Wealthy landowners buy smaller farms and create large farms Large farms called enclosures (the enclosure movement) Allowed farmers to work bigger fields = find new ways to grow crops

New Farming techniques Jethro Tull invents a seed drill to make sure seeds can germinate = huge increase in crop yields Crop rotation replaces three field system Experiment with selective animal reproduction average weight of sheep goes from 18 to 50 pounds

Significant increase in food supply

Ability to feed more people for less $$ and with less labor

Increased Population

Surplus labor for new factories (small farmers become tenant farmers or move to the city)

More people end up with more $$ = more demand for manufactured goods Clothes, household goods, tools, etc

Industrialism Defined Industrialization: The process of developing machine produced goods.

Why England? England was actually well-positioned to industrialize and grow for several reasons Natural resources Strong economic system (banking, etc) Political stability

Natural Resources Water power (rivers) and coal to fuel factories Iron ore to construct machines Rivers for inland transportation Harbors that could handle trading ships

Economic resources Stable banking system Farmers and businessmen could take out loans (unheard of in much of the world) Lots of trade overseas (India, United States, other British colonies in Africa and Asia) Overall good feelings made people very positive about the future

Political stability Even though Britain was involved in many wars in the 1700s, none were fought on British soil Military success led population to believe in the future of Britain Parliament passed laws that protected business ventures Basically, Britain had what is called factors of production (ideal conditions for industrialization)

Inventions Conditions were right for an explosion of creativity New machines were invented that revolutionized Britain’s textile industry All of these machines were set up in buildings (not in homes) called factories First ones were built by rivers since they needed water power to run looms, water frames, etc.

Transportation Steam engine invented then steam ship Canals start being built all over England Over 4000 miles of canals in England by 1820 – goods transported by steam boats or horse drawn barges all across England Road transportation improves radically at this time as well

Railway age begins Richard Trevithick invents a steam locomotive in 1804 George Stephenson builds the first railroad line in 1821 – from coal mines in Yorkshire to the North Sea First run was a 13-ton load pulled by a locomotive at the breakneck speed of…. 15-20 mph But England could then ship coal from northern England to London, or even to other countries = more production = more jobs = Industrial Revolution Time