Cancer Uncontrollable or abnormal growth of abnormal cells. 1st leading cause of death is having a heart attack Cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death among adults Between 5-10% of cancers are hereditary

Tumor Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body. Types of Tumors: Benign tumors- non cancerous, grow slowly surrounded by a membrane preventing them to spread from site. Benign can be dangerous only if it interferes with normal body functions. Ex (Brain tumor- can block blood flow.) Malignant- cancerous, spreads through body Made up of cells that grow out of control

Vocabulary Words Metastasis- The spread of cancer from the point where it originated to the other parts of the body. Enters 1 of 2 systems- circulatory or lymphatic Carcinogen- A cancer causing substance (often referred to as an environmental factors) 60% of all cancers can be prevented through lifestyle choices. Tobacco use- major cause of cancer deaths in the US and the most preventable. Nearly 1 in 5 deaths are due to smoking or exposure to Second hand smoke. Examples of Carcinogens (5) Tobacco Use Nutrition Ultraviolet Light Workplace exposures Radiation Agent orange Asbestos Hair Dyes Household exposures Pesticides Cleaning Products Old Paint Pollution Alcohol https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aigcxc4JID0

Types of Cancer (3) Lymphoma- cancer of the immune system Begins in infection-fighting cells Very treatable (most cases can be cured) Leukemia- cancer of the blood Abnormal rise in number of white blood cells Carcinoma- cancer of the glands and the body linings (skin and the linings of digestive tract and lungs) Oral, lung, breast, prostate, colon, pancreas, ovaries Sarcoma- cancer of connective tissues (bones, ligaments, and muscles) Very rare Treatable Reproductive Cancer- Prostate > Males(50^) Testicular> Males(15-34) Cervical>Women(15-20) Breast>Women(40^)

Types of Cancer Pap smear Cancer Factors Symptoms Screening Skin-most common Ultraviolet rays Tanning beds Mole or freckle that changes, or discharge Biopsies Breast- 2nd leading cause of death for women Obesity, alcohol, physical inactivity, genetic factors Unusual lump, changes in shape Mammogram Self-exam Prostate- 2nd leading and most common in men over 55yrs High fat diet, Hereditary Painful urination, blood in urine or semen Blood test Lung- leading cause of death in the U.S. in both genders. Cigarettes No initial symptoms. Later- coughing and shortness of breath Chest x-ray Cervical-15,000 diagnosis per year History of infection w/ HPV(human papillomavirus) Later- abnormal vaginal bleeding Pap smear Testicle- Most common for younger men b/c of higher levels of testosterone Family history of testicular cancer Small, hard painless lumps on testicle. Pain between scrotum & anus

Diagnosing Cancer Regular physical exams (yearly visit) Self-exams once a month Be familiar with your own body Don’t ignore your body! C.A.U.T.I.O.N

Warning signs (3) Changes in bowel movements A sore that doesn’t heal Looser stool or more often A sore that doesn’t heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Vaginal bleeding, blood in pee or coughing up Thickening Lump Indigestion, trouble swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness

Prevention Know your health history Do self exams- once a month Avoid sunburn Use sunscreen Check ups (yearly and as needed) Don’t smoke & exercise regularly Proper Diet

Treatments (4) Surgery- is the standard method of removing tumors or affected area Radiation- uses energy from radium that can pinpoint and penetrate a tumor. The energy destroys the tumor by damaging DNA inside cell nuclei. This is usually done in an area that is an awkward place (head, neck) Risk: Radiation damages the normal cells in it’s path. Chemotherapy- use of anticancer medications to treat cancer. They are administered through IV injection and only attack the abnormal cells. Hormone Therapy- when specific hormones are injected into the patient to prevent abnormal cells from being able to reproduce and continue to grow. Early detection improves the survival rate of ALL cancers

Effects of Cancer Treatments (5) Fatigue Pain Mouth & Throat Sores Diarrhea Nausea & Vomiting Chemo Brain Constipation Appetite Loss Hair Loss Emotional & Psychological Problems Jimmy V