The Origin of the Cold War

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Presentation transcript:

The Origin of the Cold War The World Post WWII The Origin of the Cold War

Meeting of the Big Three During WWII the Big Three (Churchill, FDR, and Stalin) worked together to defeat Hitler They met at the Yalta Conference in order to decide what to do with Europe after the war.

The Yalta Conference Roosevelt and Churchill feared the Soviets would dominate Eastern Europe and Communism would spread through the world. The United Nations was a new international organization designed to help nations settle disputes and prevent future wars.

Churchill Speaks In a speech, Winston Churchill said that an “Iron Curtain” had descended on Europe, meaning that the Soviets had cut off Eastern Europe from the West. He also warned that the Soviets would look to expand beyond Eastern Europe.

Communism Spreads A civil war raged in Greece, where Communist rebels supplied by the Soviet Union tried to overthrow the Greek king. Meanwhile, the Soviet Union attempted to pressure the nation of Turkey into giving them naval bases on the Mediterranean Sea.

Containment? Americans believed that Churchill's prediction was coming true. The United States turned to George Kennan's idea of containment to attempt to keep the Communist in the Soviet Union. President Truman pledged to support any free people that fought against Communism in the Truman Doctrine. Starting in 1948, the United States also began to give money to other nations in order to gain allies in Europe under the Marshall Plan.

A World Divided Europe was now divided with Communism in the East and Democracy in the West. This was even true in Berlin, where the Soviets created a blockade around West Berlin cutting off supplies. President Truman organized a massive airlift to deliver supplies to West Berlin.

A Nation Divided Germany and Berlin were divided into two different governments. The Federal Republic of Germany or West Germany and the German Democratic Republic or East Germany. Both sides seemed to be at a standstill, they were locked in a “cold war”, a war were both sides do not actually want to fight. Each side began to build its military force.

Time To Pick Sides… The United States and its allies formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization or NATO to defend against possible Soviet attacks in Western Europe. In response to NATO, the Soviet Union created an alliance of Communist governments in Eastern Europe, known as the Warsaw Pact.

Outside of Europe Elsewhere, there were several movements by nations to gain independence. The Philippines gained its independence in 1946. Asian countries such as India, Pakistan, and Burma gained their independence from Great Britain.

In the Middle East In the Middle East, Jews and Arabs claimed the region of Palestine because they each considered it to be holy in their religions. The United Nations divided Palestine into two nations in 1947 and gave each nation its independence. The Jewish people now had their own state called Israel

Communism In China Communism moved into China in 1949 when Mao Zedong defeated armies led by Chaing Kai-shek, the head of the Chinese government.

Symbols