1. What is the Cold War? 40+ year struggle between the US and USSR
No official war was fought between the two, an ideological war

2. Democracy vs. Communism
Capitalist – allows for individuals to make and keep their own money
Free elections
Freedom of thought and expression
Communism - Tries to make everyone equal
Govt makes ALL your economic, political, and military decisions
Opposition faced prison or death

3. Eastern Europe Stalin never allowed free elections Satellite states
Independent countries that are under political influence of the USSR
Poland
East Germany
Czechoslovakia
Hungary

4. The Iron Curtain
Churchill agreed with Truman on the danger of communism
“An iron curtain has descended across the continent”
This referred to brutal soviet policies in East Europe and the threat it posed to the rest of the world

6. Do you see what I did here?
“The Buck Stops Here”
Truman wants to face problems head-on
US would take responsibility for standing firm against the spread of communism
Truman Doctrine: US policy of granting aid to European countries fighting communism
Do you see what I did here?

7. The Truman Doctrine
Greece and Turkey were in danger of being taken by the USSR
Congress grants $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey

8. Containing Soviet Expansion
George Kennan’s Containment Policy: Keeping Communism confined within its existing borders
What will we NOT do?

9. The Marshall Plan
Europe suffered from shortages of food and supplies after WWII
Sec of State George Marshall developed a plan-The US gave $13 billion in aid to provide food, fuel, medicine, etc
Provide for “economic health” in order to resist communism

10. Marshall Plan

11. Warm up

12. The Cold War Heats Up
Germany and Berlin had been divided between the Western democracies and Soviets

13. Berlin Airlift Saves Berlin
Stalin wanted to take all of Berlin
He closed off all routes into the city to prevent aid from entering West Berlin

14. Berlin Airlift Saves Berlin
US solves this problem by airlifting supplies in for almost a year
Berlin Airlift allowed West Berlin to survive and communism was contained!

15. Choosing Sides - NATO
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization formed in 1949
Members agree to act together in defense of Western Europe (provides collective security)
Western Democracies decide to further protect against Communism by forming an alliance

16. Stalin Creates the Warsaw Pact
1955-Stalin forms the Warsaw Pact
An alliance of all Communist states in Eastern Europe

17. The Korean War

18. Civil War Divides China
Chiang Kai-Shek
Friend of the US
US sends billions to aid him in his war against communism, but he fails
Retreats to Taiwan

19. Civil War Divides China
Mao Zedong
Communist
Established a communist People’s Republic of China

20. Communism Spreads to Korea
After WWII, Korea had been divided into 2 different countries
It was divided at the 38th parallel
North Korea = Communists
South Korea = Republic

21. Korean War War began on June 25, 1950
First, North Koreans are able to take most of South Korea
UN votes to allow US to give aid, but the US initially can’t stop the offensive

22. General MacArthur, leader of US forces, responds by attacking NK supply lines at the port of Inchon

23. Korean War
MacArthur keeps pushing north, hoping to expel communist influence from all of Korea
But, as he gets closer to China, China enters the war to save their communist friends

24. Korean War By 1951-1953, the war stalemates near the 38th parallel
By 1952, the war had become extremely unpopular due to large losses of American lives
33,000 US deaths
103,000 injured or MIA
1 million So. Korean deaths
The new President will promise to get out of the war
33,000 US deaths
103,000 injured or MIA
1 million So. Korean deaths

25. “I Like Ike!” Dwight D. Eisenhower takes over the White House
Eisenhower threatens massive use of nuclear weapons
This and Stalin’s death cause the communists to seek peace

26. A cease-fire was signed, no side winning the conflict
NK remained an ally to China and USSR
SK remained an ally to the US
Division of Korea still lasts today

27. Lasting Effects of the War
President Truman went to war without the approval of Congress
Sets a precedent that other presidents will follow
The war also led to an increase in military spending (1/2 the federal budget!)