1. The Beginning of the Cold War

2. The sides United States: Capitalist Democratic Republic Goals:
Encourage democracy in world, prevent totalitarian governments
Gain access to raw materials to help industry
Rebuild European governments and create new markets for US goods
Reunite Germany- don’t give them a reason to be bitter about defeat

3. The sides Soviet Union: Communist Totalitarian Dictatorship Goals:
Encourage communism in other countries as world struggle between workers and wealthy
Use Eastern Europe to resupply the Soviet Union and balance out US influence in Western Europe
Keep Germany divided and weak to prevent any further aggression. The two previous wars in 30 years cost 20 million Soviet lives.

4. Division of Europe

5. Eastern Europe Soviet Union were determined to stay in Eastern Europe.
They believed they earned it from the war
They set up satellite nations in Eastern Europe
Nations that are dependent on the dominate nation (Soviet Union)
This also helped provide the Soviets with needed resources from Eastern Europe to support their industry.

6. The Iron Curtain
“an ‘Iron Curtain’ has descended across the continent” –Winston Churchill
Iron Curtain: the border that divided Eastern and Western Europe.

7. US Response to the Iron Curtain
Containment: effort to block the Soviet’s attempts to spread their influence by creating alliances and supporting weaker countries.

8. US Response continued
Truman Doctrine: President Truman issued a statement pledging economic and military support to ensure that Greece and Turkey remained free of Soviet control. Many view this as the true beginning of the Cold War.

9. Germany in dispute Germany was the split between Soviets and the US.
Berlin laid in Soviet territory but half of it was controlled by US and the West.
The Soviets decide after tension to close off Berlin to help from the West.
To counter this, the US began the Berlin airlift.
This was fly over missions to drop supplies to the people of West Berlin.

10. Berlin Airlift

11. NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Defensive Alliance between the US and Western Europe
Formed in response to fear of Soviet aggression
An attack on one member nation would be considered an attack on all member nations.

12. Warsaw Pact Soviet Response to NATO. Warsaw Pact:
Response by Soviets out of fear of the prospect of fighting NATO
Heightened tension which seemed to have calmed after the death of Stalin

13. Eisenhower’s Plan
Frm. Gen. Dwight Eisenhower is elected President in 1952.
His Sec. of State John Foster Dulles, an extreme anti-communist pushes the policy of brinkmanship.
Brinkmanship: willingness to go to the brink (edge) of war to ensure peace.
This led to the beginning of the nuclear arms race

14. Eisenhower Doctrine
Eisenhower Doctrine: issued by President Eisenhower laying out that the US would defend the Middle East against any communist threats. This further expanded involvement in the world.

15. Chinese Civil War Mao Zedong- Chinese Communists- Soviet backed
Chiang Kai-shek- Chinese Nationalists- US backed
Communists defeat the Nationalists and force them to Taiwan.
China becoming communist shocked the American public and showed the failure of containment

16. Korean War
After Japan’s defeat in WWII, they gave the northern part of Korea to the Soviets and the southern part to the Americans.
The Soviets and Americans obviously pushed their influence onto their controlled parts of Korea

18. Korean War
North Korea leader Kim Il Sung wished to unite all of Korea under communist control
Kim Il Sung invades South Korea and Truman orders US troops to the aid of the South Koreans. North Korea pushes US forces to Pusan.

20. US Push
The UN decides to assist the US forces. Put Gen. MacArthur in command.
MacArthur launches a counterattack send troops to Inchon, a port near S. Korean capital Seoul. This counter is extremely effective.

22. Chinese Involvement
Chinese viewed UN/US push as threat to them and they send troops to assist North Korea.
These Communist forces push the UN troops back to roughly the original division line.
Gen. MacArthur encourages an attack on China utilizing the worlds new weapon, the Atomic bomb

23. Truman v. MacArthur Truman rejects MacArthur’s suggestion
MacArthur attempted to go over Truman’s head and spark public support for an all out war in China.
Truman doesn’t allow this and MacArthur is removed from his post as commander in Korea.

24. Korean War ends in Stalemate
Once MacArthur was removed, the Soviets surprised many by suggesting a cease-fire
The two sides came to an agreement on a truce and stood down from warfare.
In the end, nearly 1 million soldiers had combined between both sides.
Note: March 8, 2013, North Korean leader Kim Jong-un ended the truce and threatened war against both South Korea and the US