1. The Cold War Begins Goal 11

2. Essential Idea During the Cold War, communism spread out from the Soviet Union.

3. The Cold War The Cold War: This term describes the tension between communist and democratic governments from 1946 to 1990

4. Yalta Conference Yalta Conference: FDR, Stalin, and Churchill met to discuss how to divide Germany after World War II Germany was divided into two countries controlled by France, the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union

5. Dividing Germany Where: West Germany Who owned it: Britain, France, and the United States Government Type: Democratic

6. East Germany Where: East Germany Who owned it: Soviet Union Government Type: Communist

7. Berlin Split Too The capital of Germany, Berlin, was located in the middle of East Germany Berlin was also divided into a West and East Berlin West Berlin was democratic and East Berlin was communist

8. Other Nations Become Communist Satellite Nations – countries in Eastern Europe that bordered the Soviet Union Satellite Nations DURING World War II: Controlled by Germany Satellite Nations AFTER World War II: Controlled by the Soviet Union

9. The Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain – Satellite Nations and East Germany, which provided a barrier between communist and democratic countries

10. Trying to Keep Communism from Spreading Further Strategy: Containment What it was: this idea arose out of the fear of the spread of communism This foreign policy said that communism should not spread (be contained)

11. The Truman Doctrine Strategy: Truman Doctrine What it was: the United States feared that Greece and Turkey would become communist next The Truman Doctrine – the United States should support democracies to fight communism

12. The Marshall Plan Strategy: The Marshall Plan What it was: countries were more likely to become communist if they were poor The Marshall Plan – gave 12 billion dollars to Western European Countries (Satellite Nations refused)

13. The Marshall Plan Which countries got the most aid from the Marshall Plan? Why? Why didn’t countries in the East get aid?

14. Helping Berlin Get on Its Feet Problem: The United States wanted to extend the Marshall Plan to West Berlin These supplies would have to travel through East Germany Stalin blockaded the border, hoping the United States would give up on West Berlin

15. Berlin Airlift Solution: Berlin Airlift – supplies were transported by airplane until Stalin ended the blockade

16. Alliances Again NATO – United States and Western Europe (democratic countries) Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union and Satellite Nations

17. What alliance are most former Allies in? What has happened to the land that the Soviet Union reclaimed from Hitler’s Germany?

18. China Falls to Communism Aiding China: The United States extended the Marshall Plan to China China Falls: However, Chinese leaders squandered the aid and China fell to communism in 1949 (anti-communists fled to Taiwan) American Reaction: America was shocked and worried communism would spread further in East Asia

19. Rebuilding Korea 1. Korea After World War II: After World War II, Korea was divided along the 38 th Parallel (a line of latitude) North Korea was organized to be communist by the Soviet Union South Korea was organized to be democratic by the United States

20. The Korean War Begins 2. War Begins: In 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea President Truman saw this as a test of the containment policy Truman sent troops into South Korea, headed by General Douglas MacArthur

21. South Koreans on Their Heels 3. Early Fighting: At first, North Korea pushed South Korean troops south to the city of Pusan (like the Bataan Peninsula during WWII, but with a better ending) However, this gave MacArthur time to gather reinforcements

22. A Clever Counterattack 4. Counterattack: MacArthur launched a surprise attack from behind at the port city of Inchon Korean and United Nations troops were able to push North Korea all the way up the Chinese border

23. China Joins, MacArthur Fired 5. United States vs. China? China then came to the aid of North Korea MacArthur wanted war with China and wanted to use the atomic bomb Truman refused, and MacArthur criticized the decision Truman fired MacArthur for insubordination

24. The War Ends China pushed troops back to the 38 th Parallel and both sides then agreed to peace negotiations (we now have a North and South Korea)

25. Why Significant? 6. Significance of the Korean War: The Korean War marked the beginning of using military build up to fight communism Nuclear Stockpiles Graph