1800’s in Nigeria Usuman dan Fodio was the Muslim leader of the Fulani Called for a JIHAD - a holy war to clean out NON MUSLIMS ALL AFRICANS IN THE AREA ARE IN DANGER OF GENOCIDE

Usman Dan Fodio – Islamic Leader Destroyed all of old ruling families – culture – government - and he joined small kingdoms into ONE empire in West Africa Created the SOKOTO Empire from current day Nigeria Became a center of learning

ZULU The Zulus of South Africa were a powerful kingdom SHAKA was the head of the ZULU

ZULUS They carried sharpened spears and had well trained warriors Under Shaka’s rule all men were required to fight in the military and they did so proudly.

AFRICA BEFORE PARTITION Slave trade in Africa between was mostly limited to West Africa.

AFRICA BEFORE PARTITION 1787 Sierra Leone was established for Free Slaves returning from Europe and North America Liberia was the first republic It was set up for freed American slaves

AFRICA Dutch lost Cape Colony to England In accordance with the Congress of Vienna Great Britain freed slaves and gave rights to freed black slaves

AFRICAN TRADE Trade in Africa in the 1800’s Consisted of palm oil – ivory – Missionaries & explorers traveled throughout Africa

END OF SLAVE TRADE IN ENGLAND England ends Slave trade in 1807!!!!! Frees slaves in 1833

Mission Stations Set up by Christian missionaries Offered medical treatment Education Introduced Christianity

Early Colonization 1652 Cape Colony on the tip of South Africa was settled by the Dutch Dutch East India Trading Company set up a trading post and started to move inland The Dutch stole land from the native Khoisan people 1659 Dutch and Khoisan fought and Dutch took more land.

Dutch settlers searched for new territory – did not care for British rule and the freeing of slaves.

GREAT TREK Dutch settlers searched for new territory – did not care for British rule and the freeing of slaves. 14,000 Dutch settlers moved north into the interior of South Africa – Called The Great Trek. Created 2 new states – Orange Free State & Transvaal Republic

AFRICA The French held territory in Morocco, Tunis, Tripoli – Today they are called Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Libya

AFRICA The remainder of North Africa was under Ottoman control Population made up of Berbers, Arabs and Muslims

AFRICA EGYPT Mohammed Ali was the leader of Egypt when it was under Ottoman Rule between

AFRICA 1830 France invaded Algeria 1848 France won 1848 Tunisia and Morocco became French protectorates

AFRICA CONQUEST OF AFRICA 1800’s 90% of Africa was ruled by Africans 1914 only 2 African nations Ethiopia and Liberia were independent of European rule.

AFRICA BERLIN CONFERENCE European nations,Ottoman Empire & USA met and decided how to best divide up Africa. NO AFRICAN DELEGATES!!!!

BERLIN CONFERENCE Conditions of the Berlin Conference 1. Free trade and free travel on both sides of the Congo and Niger Rivers 2. Foreign powers must establish control of any lands in order to claim land as a colony 3. Imperialist nations should not sell weapons to Africans Easily divided Africa

AFRICA BELGIUM King Leopold II 1884 claimed the Congo basin as his personal possession.

AFRICA BEFORE PARTITION – Livingstone a missionary explorer discovered – Victoria Falls – Got lost in the Jungle – For 4 years

Stanley finds Livingstone “Dr.Livingstone I presume?”

Why did Europe control Africa? 1. National rivalry 2. Economic competition 3 Racism

France wanted to control Africa from coast to coast Claimed land from Senegal to Algeria 1893 Timbuktu taken by France

AFRICAN RESISTANCE Samori Touri - Muslim gained control using guns purchased from traders Fought the French for 20 years Finally captured in 1898

Great Britain Gold Coast Ashanti ruled the territory inland from the Gold Coast. Between wars were fought with the British The capital was burned 2 times Kumasi 1896 British took Kumasi declared it a protectorate

The British demanded the Golden Stool from the Ashanti Ashanti captured and jailed the royal governor, missionaries and soldiers. British troops sent and fought a 7 month war Guess who won? Great Britain defeated the Sokoto Empire in

1875 Egypt was in financial trouble Great Britain bought shares in the Suez Canal Egypt eventually lost power to GB Great Britain invaded when Egyptian Nationalists took control over the government in 1882 Britain got total control of Egypt

1890 Great Britain took land that had belonged to Germany around the area of Lake Victoria Germany took land in East Africa Sudan hard to conquer Muslim leader - Mahdi defeated Fort Khartoum remained independent until 1898

SOUTH AFRICA DIAMONDS 1867 British annex land that the Dutch settlers had clamed after the Great Trek and became part of Cape Colony Annexed Bechuanaland Protectorate of Basutaland to block further expansion of Afrikaners

AFRICA Cecil Rhodes British imperialist wanted more land in South Africa because he wanted more diamonds. Rhodesia – named after him RHODES SCHOLARSHIPS TOO GB claimed Transvaal from the Dutch lands Dutch fought against the British in South Africa

SOUTH AFRICA Called the Boer War - South African War Fought for 3 years Dutch used guerilla warfare GB won Dutch called themselves Afrikaners British called the Dutch Boers

SOUTH AFRICAN STATES 1. Racial inequalities built into new state 2. Property qualifications& legal exclusions limited vote to white males only. 3. Whites owned most land and factories 4. Afrikaners & British worked closely to control blacks.

1910 Union of South Africa became a Dominion of Great Britain Unified Dutch and British colonies Became the Union of South Africa

ETHIOPIA INDEPENDENT Italy kept trying to claim the land Melelik II granted land to Italy for trading for arms Italy claimed a protectorate France helped Ethiopia fight against Italy Ethiopia won and remained independent until Mussolini took over Ethiopia in the 1930’s

1875 Egypt was in financial trouble Great Britain bought shares in the Suez Canal France & Britain shared control of the Suez Canal Egypt eventually lost power to GB Great Britain invaded when Egyptian Nationalists took control over the government in 1882 Britain got total control of Egypt And held it until 1950’s when Nasser took over and tossed out the English.