1. http://wfps.k12.mt.us/teachers/carmichaelg/africa2.gif Scramble for Africa

2. Industrial Powers race to colonies

3. Development in African Regions North: Ottoman control declineNorth: Ottoman control decline West: Islamic reform movementWest: Islamic reform movement East: Slave trade w/ Mid E continuedEast: Slave trade w/ Mid E continued South: Zulu nation conquered neighborsSouth: Zulu nation conquered neighbors

4. Euro contact increases http://www.africamission-mafr.org/mgr_livinhacgb.htm http://www.africa4christ.org/Images/Africa4ChristFront.jpg http://www.richmond.gov.uk/richard_burton.jpg Burton & Nile http://www.unlockingthearchives.rgs.org/resources/ima ges/Life+explorations-en.jpg Livingstone explorer & missionary

5. King Leopold II of Belgium Arranged treaties w/African leadersArranged treaties w/African leaders Monopolized CongoMonopolized Congo Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Leopold _ii_garter_knight.jpg

6. Industrial Powers race to colonies Christian Missionaries were the first “explorers” of Africa’s interiorChristian Missionaries were the first “explorers” of Africa’s interior Belgium sent representatives to negotiate with African chiefsBelgium sent representatives to negotiate with African chiefs –Contracts were in English –Those who refused were shot –Chiefs were forced to give up their land In the 1870s, European powers looked to fully colonize Africa. The map shows how Imperialist nations divided the continent.

7. Connected Red & Mediterranean Sea shortening trip to Asian marketsConnected Red & Mediterranean Sea shortening trip to Asian markets 1875 - Egypt needed $ so they sold their share to England1875 - Egypt needed $ so they sold their share to England Despite the voluntary sale, Egyptians grew angry & rebelled over foreign presenceDespite the voluntary sale, Egyptians grew angry & rebelled over foreign presence –1882  Led to Egypt becoming a protectorate Egypt & France = Partners

8. Causes England dedicated to expansion British settlers in Dutch colonies outnumbered Boers British gained control of area  new language & culture British outlawed slavery Boers left & founded Transvaal & Orange Free State Diamonds were discovered in the Boers British settlers continued to move north & on Dutch controlled land

9. Outcomes The Boers resisted British victory & practiced guerilla warfare British arrested & imprisoned Boers Boers finally gave up (1910) Orange Free State & Transvaal became part of British Africa Created the Union of South Africa Cecil Rhodes vision of a English- speaking Empire became a reality.

10. Berlin Conference Free state of CongoFree state of Congo Free trade in CongoFree trade in Congo basin basin Niger & Congo RiverNiger & Congo River free ship traffic free ship traffic Prohibition of slave tradeProhibition of slave trade If claim land, need est gov officesIf claim land, need est gov offices http://teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu/snyderd/MWH/Projects/mun-bc/wpe2.gif

11. http://wfps.k12.mt.us/teachers/carmichaelg/new_pa1.jpg

12. Liberia & Ethiopia were the only independent African Nations

13. Created problems between African tribes Forced ethnic groups into same nation Destroyed African culture In many parts, segregation & class system based on color were introduced Africa has yet to recover  corruption, instability, violence & authoritative regimes are common

14. Whose Next?