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Chapter 12 Section 2 The Partition of Africa. Lesson Objectives Explain why European contact with Africa increased during the 1800s. Understand how Leopold.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 12 Section 2 The Partition of Africa. Lesson Objectives Explain why European contact with Africa increased during the 1800s. Understand how Leopold."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 12 Section 2 The Partition of Africa

2 Lesson Objectives Explain why European contact with Africa increased during the 1800s. Understand how Leopold II started a scramble for colonies. Describe how Africans resisted imperialism. Look at the map: Africa in early 1800’s had many regions, hundreds of languages, varied governments

3 North Africa Sahara Desert, fertile land along Mediterranean Ruled by Ottoman Empire

4 West Africa Grassland regions – Jihad – Islamic reform movement, a holy struggle to revive & purify Islam – New Islamic states – trade, farming, herding Forests regions – Asante kingdom – Traded with Europeans & Muslims

5 East Africa Strongly Islamic Port cities – Mombasa, Kilwa – Cargoes were slaves – Ivory & copper were exchanged for cloth & firearms from India

6 Southern Africa Early 1800’s in turmoil Shaka united Zulus 1830’s Zulus battled Boers

7 Slave Trade Early 1800’s European nations began to outlaw slave trade Continued in East Africa to Middle East & Asia Freed slaves – 1787 British organized Sierra Leone as colony for freed slaves – U.S. did the same for Liberia, became independent republic

8 European Contact with Africa Increased Difficult geography & diseases kept European from reaching interior; medical advances & river steamships changed things Explorers – early 1800’s tried to map the source & course of African rivers – Niger – Nile – Congo

9 Missionaries Goal was to win native Africans to Christianity – Built schools & medical clinics with churches – Paternalistic view of Africans – saw them as children in need of guidance

10 Dr. David Livingstone Best-known explorer/missionary – Criss-crossed Africa for 30 years – Opposed slave trade – Opened up interior of Africa to Christianity & trade – 1869 journalist, Henry Stanley, went to Central Africa to find Livingstone (hadn’t heard from for years) Found Livingstone in 1871 in Tanzania “Dr. Livingstone, I presume.”

11 King Leopold II of Belgium He started scramble for colonies Hired Stanley to explore the Congo River Basin – Arrange treaties with African basins Result - other European nations followed Belgium

12 Berlin Conference European nations met to avoid bloodshed/war over African lands – Recognized Leopold’s private claims in Congo Free State – Free trade on Congo & Niger Rivers – No European nations claim any African land w/out setting up a government office first – By 1850 European nations redrew the map of Africa

13 Belgians in Congo Exploited riches – copper, rubber, ivory – Brutalized villagers Leopold II forced to give up colony to Belgian government, became Belgian Congo in 1908

14 French in Africa French empire in Africa as large as U.S. – 1830’s invaded & conquered North Africa (violent takeovers) – Tunesia – Colonies in West & Central Africa

15 British in Africa Smaller, heavily populated regions, rich in resources Parts of East & West Africa, Egypt, Sudan Southern Africa & Cape Colony from French – Clashed w/ Boers (descendants of Dutch settlers) – Many Boers fled British rule & migrated north – Gold & diamonds discovered Led to Boer War; British won British won but at great cost 1910 Brits united Cape Colony & former Boer lands into Union of South Africa – Govternmen run by whites – Complete racial segregation

16 Other European nations Portuguese – Angola – Mozambique Italy – Libya – Southern end of Red Sea Germany – Eastern Africa – Southern Africa

17 How Africans Resisted Imperialism Algerians battled French for years British battled: – Zulu in southern Africa – Asante in West Africa; Queen Yaa Asnatewaa – Queen Nehanda of Shona in Zimbabwe – captured & executed

18 Germans Fought Yao Herero Fierce battle – 1905, Maji-Maji Rebellion – Germans won by using scorched earth policy – burned farmlands & starved people

19 Ethiopia Ancient Christian kingdom, highlands of East Africa & number of kingdoms 1800 ruler Menelik II modernized his country – European experts to plan roads, bridges, set up schools – Imported weapons & had Europeans train army – Able to defeat Italian at battle of Adowa

20 Western-educated African elite (upper class) Some rejected own culture Others were nationalists & moved for independence


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