1. Partitioning of Africa
Mr. Meester
World History
9-2 & 9-3

2. African Imperialism Vocab
Shaka Zulu
Berlin Conference
King Menelik II
Suez Canal

3. European Contact Increases:
Europeans had long traded along the coast of Africa, but not inside of it.
Explorers begin to push into the interior along rivers.
The most famous explorer was Dr. David Livingstone
He explored Africa for 30 years
Missionaries came next doing humanitarian work. (White Man’s Burden)

4. North, West, East Africa:
North & East Africa was ruled by the declining Ottoman Empire.
Contains fertile land by the sea & Nile
Surrounded by Sahara desert
Local rulers separated from the empire
Islamic crusades swept through West Africa.
Dozens of new Islamic states were founded in places such as Nigeria.

5. South Africa
In the Southern Africa the Zulu Tribe had emerged as the major civilization.
Lead by Shaka Zulu
He was a brilliant military commander
Dutch colonists would move north from the coast to escape British rule.
This caused conflict with the Zulu
The Boer War would last till the end of the 1800’s, with the British conquering both

6. Berlin Conference
Beginning with Belgium, Europeans begin to take over all of Africa.
They held a conference in Berlin in order to setup rules to cut down on European bloodshed.
They agreed they couldn’t control a territory unless they had setup a government office.
No African nations were invited.

7. Europeans Divide Up Africa
Belgium had taken control of the Congo River and jungle area.
France takes control in Northern and Western Africa.
England took areas in the West, East, and South.
More nations came until almost every part of Africa is taken over.

8. The Partitioning of Africa
Africa in 1914

9. Africans Resist Imperialism:
The Europeans met resistance & rebellion through out Africa.
The African nations were defeated due to the superior military technology.
Only the Ethiopians and Egyptians had any success against the Europeans.
Only Ethiopia & Liberia are still independent by 1914

10. Egypt Modernizes
Egyptian leader, Muhammad Ali took control of Egypt in the early 1800’s.
He modernized Egypt’s economy, military, and agriculture
A French & Egyptian company builds the Suez Canal
Makes Egypt key for trade with the Far East
Poor leaders put Egypt in great debt
England will take over in the late 1800’s in order to gain control of the canal

11. Ethiopia Survives Ethiopia was controlled by King Menelik II.
He, like Ali in Egypt, attempts to modernize his country.
When Italy invaded in the late 1800’s Ethiopia was ready with modern weapons and tactics.
The Ethiopians crush the Italian invaders at the Battle of Adowa
Retain their independence until the 1930’s