1. African
Imperialism

2. Africa Before Imperialism
Divided into 100’s of ethnic & linguistic groups
Mixture of large empires & small independent villages
Most practiced traditional beliefs
Others practiced Islam & Christianity

3. Early European contact
Limited to coastal territory
Travel to interior was limited due to navigability of rivers & disease
Large networks of Africans controlled trade (gold & ivory)
European interest began with the slave Trade (Triangular trade)

4. Exploration of the Interior
Known as the Dark Continent
1860’s Scottish missionary David Livingstone- first European to explore Sub- Saharan Africa
Reported lush forests, waterfalls, & grasslands
Discovers Victoria Falls

5. Victoria Falls

6. 1871 American Henry Stanley searches for & finds Livingstone
Stanley finds mouth of Congo opening up interior to trade
Helps establish Congo Free State for Belgium
Sets off Colonization of Central Africa

7. "Dr. Livingstone, I assume?"

8. The Scramble For Africa
Belgium presence in the Congo setoff European race for colonies
No European power wanted to be left behind
Discoveries of Gold & Diamonds in South Africa increased interest

9. The Berlin Conference 1884-1885
Conference set up rules for colonizing Africa
Any country could claim land
Divided Africa with no regard for ethnic or linguistic groups that existed.
No African rulers attended
By 1914 only 2 countries remained independent

10. Scramble for Africa
Berlin Conference

12. British Imperialism in Africa
Scattered throughout Africa
Controlled heavily populated regions heavy in resources
Parts of West & East Africa, Egypt, & most of Southern Africa

13. Dutch Farmers(Boers) settled Cape town
Southern Africa
Dutch Farmers(Boers) settled Cape town
Later English acquired Cape colony from Dutch
Boers (Dutch who remained) resented English rule & Migrated north (The Great Trek)

14. The Boers

15. 1816 African leader Shaka unites the Zulu Nation
Zulu warriors fight against European slave traders & Ivory hunters

16. Conflict between Boers & Zulus
Boers allied with British defeat Zulus
Boers establish independent Republics of
Transvaal
Orange Free State

17. 1867 diamond & gold discovered in Boer territory
The Boer War
1867 diamond & gold discovered in Boer territory
1890 Cecil Rhodes expands control of South Africa
Annexes the Boar Republics
Boers resist. War lasts from
1910 British form Union of South Africa (*Racial segregation until1993)

18. Cecil Rhodes promotes British imperialism
in Africa

19. Europeans In Africa Britain France Germany Italy Belgium Portugal
By 1914
Portugal
Spain

20. Britain’s claims in Africa were the Largest
Included heavily populated areas with greater natural resources.
British Territory
Control Suez Canal
This allowed or control of Egypt

21. France: Powerful in North Africa
Later spread into West and Central Africa.
Territory France controlled was as large as the United States.
French Territory

22. Newly formed German empire fought many battles against African natives to take lands southern Africa.
German Territory
Germany would lose its colonial territories after its loss in World War I.

23. Italians crossed Mediterranean conquered Libya.
They then took Somaliland in the horn of Africa,
Badly beaten badly by the Ethiopians
Italian Territory

24. Belgians exploited riches of Congo
Brutalized natives.
Many Africans were enslaved, beaten, and killed.
Belgium Territory

25. Claims of the Portuguese and Spanish were minimal.
Portuguese Territory
Spanish Territory

26. African Resistance Movements
Most Resistance was unsuccessful
Superior European technology
Alliances failed
Maji- Maji Rebellion 1905
Germans in East Africa squash spiritual uprising (26,000 killed)

27. Ethiopia - A successful Resistance
Menelik II Emperor of Ethiopia
Purchases weapons from France & Russia
Defeated Italian forces in 1896
Only African nation to successfully resist Europeans

28. Positive Impacts of Colonial Rule
Reduced local warfare
Improved sanitation, hospitals & education
African products popular in European Market
Improved infrastructure
Railroads,dams, telephones & telegraph lines

29. Negative impacts of Colonial Rule
Lost land & independence
Death caused by new disease & resistance
Change to cash crops resulted in famine
Breakdown of traditional culture
European establishment of boundaries (Problem today)