1. How did imperialism change around the 1900s? Explain your answer.
Bell Ringer
How did imperialism change around the 1900s? Explain your answer.

2. Bell Ringer
What was West Africa major trading item before the 1800s? Why did it change after the 1800s? Be able to explain your answer.

3. Chapter 14: The Height of Imperialism
Section 2:
Empire Building in Africa

4. Before 1880, European countries controlled little of the African continent directly.
European countries were content with African rulers and merchants represent European interest.
Between 1880 to 1900, intense rivalries head to the “scramble for Africa” among European countries.

5. West Africa
West Africa was particularly affected by the slave trade, however; by the 1800s the slave trade began to decline with it being abolished around the world.
Europeans sold textiles and manufactured goods in exchange for African natural recourse like: timber, peanuts, hides, and palm oil.
With trade increasing, European countries started to push for a more permanent presences in West Africa.

6. The growing presence in Africa caused tension with African Governments.
Great Britain annexed the west coastal states as the first British Colony of Gold Coast.
Annexed mean to incorporate a country within a state.
France added the huge area of French West Africa to colonial empire, leaving France in control of West Africa.

7. North Africa
Egypt was part of the Ottoman empire but as the empire declined Egypt sought for independence.
Muhammad Ali was an officer in the Ottoman Empire and he established a separate Egyptian state.
Ali modernized the army, brought in education, and help establish small industries like sugar, textiles, munitions, and ships.
Suez Canal joined the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea together in 1869.

8. Britain took over the Suez Canal which help Britain connect to its largest colony, India.
France had colonies in North Africa in Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco.
Italy also attempted to colonize in North Africa, in Ethiopia, but the Italians lost becoming the first and only European country to be defeated by an African countries.
However in 1911, Italy tried again and this time seized Turkish Tripoli, present day Libya.

9. Central Africa
David Livingstone was an explorer who explored the jungles of Central Africa for 30 years.
Livingstone lost contact and Henry Stanley was sent to find him. He found him on the shores of Lake Tanganyika.
After Livingstone died, Stanley continued the exploration and encouraged Britain settle the Congo River basin.
Britain refused, so Belgium rushed to colonize Central Africa claiming the Congo River basin.
France had area North of the Congo River.

10. East Africa
Great Britain and Germany were the chief rivals in East Africa.
Germany was late to imperialism because Otto von Bismarck downplayed the importance of colonizing. But public pressure pushed for a German Empire.
Britain wanted to colonize East Africa to help connect the British Empire.
The Berlin Conference between establish who controlled what in East Africa.

11. South Africa
South Africa felt European presence more than any other place in Africa.
The Boers were the descendants of the original Dutch settlers who occupied Cape Town in the 17th century. They believed in white supremacy.
In the 1830s the Boers fled British rule in South Africa. They frequently battled the Zulu.
In 1880, Cecil Rhodes set up diamond and gold companies and named the territory Rhodesia after himself.

12. He planned on overthrowing the Boer government and this led to war.
The war lasted from and eventually led to the Union of South Africa. The British and Boers coexisted only because the British agreed to a policy that only whites could vote.