1. The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914)
Lesson 2 European Colonies in Africa

2. The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914)
Lesson 2 European Colonies in Africa
Learning Objectives
Describe the forces that shaped Africa in the early 1800s.
Explain why European contact with Africa increased.
Analyze how European nations carved up Africa.
Describe African resistance to imperialism.

3. The Age of Imperialism (1800–1914)
Lesson 2 European Colonies in Africa
Key Terms
Usman dan Fodio
Shaka.
paternalistic
David Livingstone,
Henry Stanley
Leopold II
Boer War,
Samori Touré
Yaa Asantewaa
Nehanda
Menelik II,
elite,

4. Africa Before Imperialism
Between 1870 and 1914, Britain, France, Germany, and other European powers scrambled to carve up the African continent. They set up dozens of colonies and ruled over the lives of millions of people. Although people in Africa resisted, they could not hold back the tide of European conquest.

5. Africa Before Imperialism
North Africa
Ruled by Ottoman and mostly Muslim
Islamic Conquest in West Africa
Usman dan Fodio- helped build Muslim state in West Africa- Sokoto Caliphate
Asante
East Africa
Europeans had ports on cost but not much influence inland
Southern Africa
Shaka and Zulus- came into conflict with the Dutch Boers
Boers pushed north by British, took lands from Zulu
Impact of the Slave Trade
Weekend Africa kingdoms
Sierra Leone
Liberia

6. Africa Before Imperialism
When Europeans arrived in Tanzania, they encountered small village communities like this Utiri village.

7. European Contact Increases
From the 1400s through the 1700s, Europeans traded along the African coast, but they knew very little about the continent. They relied on Africans to bring slaves and trade goods, such as ivory and gold, from the interior to their trading posts on the coast.

8. European Contact Increases
Explorers Push into Africa’s Interior
Mungo Park
Richard Burton
Missionaries Follow Explorers
Paternalistic
Livingstone’s Explorations
David Livingstone- crisscrossed Africa for 30 years
Henry Stanley- “David Livingstone I pressume”

9. European Contact Increases
Europeans began trading along the African coast in the 1500s. Centuries later, they began moving into the continent’s interior.

10. European Nations Scramble for Colonies
Shortly after Stanley met up with Livingstone, King Leopold II of Belgium hired Stanley to explore the Congo River basin and arrange trade treaties with African leaders. Publicly, Leopold spoke of a civilizing mission to carry the light “that for millions of men still plunged in barbarism will be the dawn of a better era.” Privately, he dreamed of conquest and profit.

11. European Nations Scramble for Colonies
The Berlin Conference- 1884
Europeans didn’t want to fight
Met to divide up Africa
No Africans at the meeting
In next 20 years, almost all of Africa was divided
Leopold’s Horror in the Congo
Henry Stanley hired by Leopold II to explore the Congo by Belgium
Brutalized and enslaved the Congo people
Leopold forced to turn colony over to Belgium govt
France Expands Its Territory
Algeria, Tunisia, and others
Britain’s Share
Egypt, Sudan, South Africa and others
The Boer War
took over from Dutch and subdued the Boers
Others Nations Join the Scramble
Germany, etc

12. European Nations Scramble for Colonies
Analyze Maps One goal of British imperialists in Africa was to gain control “from Cairo to the Cape” (South Africa). Which colony stood in the way of that plan? Which European country controlled that colony?

13. European Nations Scramble for Colonies
A major resource that the Belgians wanted from the Congo was rubber. Cite Evidence What evidence in the photo indicates that these rubber workers were slaves?

14. African Resistance
Europeans met armed resistance across the continent. In North Africa, the Algerians fought French expansion for years. In West Africa, Samori Touré (sah MAWR ee too RAY) fought French forces. Elsewhere in West Africa, the Ibo and Fulani struggled for years against the British advance. In southern Africa, the Zulus resisted British domination, handing them several grave defeats before the British finally succeeded.

15. Many Africans fought against Europeans, but were out gunned
African Resistance
Women Leaders of the Resistance
Ethiopia Remains Independent
Resistance Against Germany
A New African Elite
Many Africans fought against Europeans, but were out gunned
Ethiopia and Menelik II was the only African kingdom to successfully fight and resist

16. African Resistance
French troops capture the city of Mascara in December 1835, during the French–Algerian War. Infer What advantages do the Algerian troops have? What advantages do the French troops have?

17. Quiz: Africa Before Imperialism
Which BEST describes the forces that shaped Africa in the early 1800s?
A. In the west and south, different groups battled for control; in the north, the old power structure was crumbling.
B. In the north, the old power structure was crumbling; Europeans controlled all other areas.
C. In the north and east, the slave trade was still active; Muslims dominated the south and west.
D. In the south, the old kingdoms were fighting against the Muslims; in the east and west, the slave trade was still active.

18. Quiz: European Contact Increases
What was the role of missionaries in the colonization of Africa?
A. They paved the way for explorers to claim African colonies for European countries.
B. They educated Africans in European ways and helped to weaken African native cultures.
C. They followed explorers, took African lands, and sold them to European companies.
D. They fought the institution of African slavery in Europe.

19. Quiz: European Nations Scramble for Colonies
How did the Berlin Conference decide Africa’s fate?
A. It set up a system of rule by local native peoples over all African regions that were controlled by Europeans.
B. It gave the Germans the right to colonize most of East Africa.
C. It set new rules for the settlement and development of colonies in Africa.
D. It allowed European countries to sell slaves anywhere they wanted.

20. Quiz: African Resistance
How did the experiences of the Asante and the Ethiopians differ from one another in the late 1800s?
A. The Asante were ruled by the English; the Ethiopians were ruled by the Italians.
B. The Asante fought and defeated the English; the Ethiopians fought and defeated the Italians.
C. The Asante were conquered by the English; the Ethiopians were successful in their fight against the Italians.
D. The Asante were successful in their fight against the English; the Ethiopians were conquered by the Italians.