Biology II LEOCT Study guide 1.Domains: BacteriaArchaeaEukarya KingdomsEubacteriaArchaebacteriaProtista Fungi Plantae Animalia 1. They have eukaryotic cells, i.e. cells with a nucleus and Membrane- bound organelles 2. An organism which body contains a prokaryotic cell. These cells do not have a true nucleus or membrane bound organelles, for example bacteria.

3. Pathogen. 4. Capsid 5. Retro 6. A substance that stimulates the body’s own immune response against invasion by microbes. 7. No, viruses are not living organisms and antibiotics can only kill living cells. 8. Can be used to break down pollutants – bioremedation Can be used to make food such as yogurt Nitrogen fixing bacteria in roots of legumes (peas, beans, etc) give usable nitrogen to the plant. Some antibiotics are made from bacteria. 9. Anthrax, Acne, Lyme disease, Tetanus, Tooth decay, Strep throat.

Shapes Three ShapesThree Shapes 1)Bacilli (rod-shaped) 2) Cocci (spherical) 3) Spirilla (spiral or corkscrew)

Pili - Help with conjugation – transferring of genetic material p.558, Stick to host’s cells Flagella: Movement Ribosomes- Making proteins DNA - Carries the genetic material Cytoplasm - Contains DNA, Proteins and plasmid Plasmid – piece of DNA, plays role during conjugation Capsule – Protects against drying out, chemicals and host’s white blood cells. Cell wall - Protects, gives cell shape Eubacteria–has peptidoglycan Cell membrane – Regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell

13. An eukaryote that is neither an animal, plant or Fungus. 14. Pseudopodia 15. Flagella, cilia 16. Dinoflagellates 17. No chlorophyll No true roots, leaves or stems Cell walls of fungi cells contain chitin. 18. With hyphae. The hyphae release enzymes that breaks down the food so it can be absorbed directly across the cell walls. 19. Fruiting body 20. It is a mutualistic partnership between fungi and the roots of certain plants. Mycorrhizae help these plants to fix nitrogen.

21. They are decomposers 22. A fungus that grows symbiotically with algae or photosynthetic bacteria. Usually found on rocks and tree trunks. 23.Ringworm, athlete’s foot, yeast infections 24. Heterotroph 25. Autotroph or Producer 26. Chemo autotroph uses energy from chemicals to produce organic compounds for example bacteria that live in hydrothermal vents. Photo autotroph – uses the energy from the sun (light energy) to Produce organic compounds – for example green plants 27. Has a vascular system that moves water from the roots to the leaves and stem and organic compounds from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Developed seeds and pollen. Have stomata for gas exchange on the undersides of leaves and a cuticle on the leaf surface to prevent water loss.

28. Not enclosed in a fruit Angiosperm – seeds are enclosed in a fruit. Ex. Gymnosperm – pine trees Angiosperm – flowering plants like roses 29. Cotyledons – Monocots – one Dicots – two Leaves – Monocots: Parallel venation Dicots – Netlike venation Flowers – Monocots: Multiples of threes Dicots – Multiples of 4 or 5 Stems – Monocots: Vascular tissue is scattered throughout the stem. Dicots: Vascular tissue forms a ring

Other differences….. Fibrous root system Taproot system Dicots

30. Xylem and phloem 31. Fibrous root system Tap root system

32.

33. Cuticle Stomata Xylem Phloem Chloroplasts in the mesophyll 34. Positive phototropism

35. Plant response to the length of day or night 34. (Continue): Gravitropism Thigmotropism

36. Sepals- modified leaves that protect the developing flower Petals – Brightly colored, modified leaves, help attract pollinators Ovary – The female gametophyte of the plant, contains egg cells. Stamen – male structure of the flower

37. Asymmetrical 38. Radial symmetrical 39. Bilateral 40. Echinodermata 41. Arthropoda 42. Platyhelminthes 43. Annelida 44. Nematoda 45. Mollusca 46. Porifera 47. Cnidaria 48. Chordata GOOD LUCK!!